Floral formula is a means to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, letters and various symbols, presenting substantial information about the flower in a compact form. It can represent particular species, or can be generalized to characterize higher taxa, usually giving ranges of organ numbers. The writing of floral formula one should start from bract and bracteole then symmetry and *** of flower, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The number of parts of each organ is indicated in figures (1, …… 4, 5) after the relevant symbol (K, C, A, G).

The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’l Fazl Allami

1. Ain-i Akbari is a compilation of imperial regulations and a gazetteer of the empire.
2. It is a part of the Akbar Nama and was completed in 1598, after having gone through five revisions.
3. The Ain gives detailed accounts of the organisation of the court, administration and army, the sources of revenue and the physical layout of the provinces of Akbar’s empire and the literary, cultural and religious traditions of the people.
4. The Ain is made up of five books (daftars), of which the first three books describe the administration.
5. The first book, called manzil-abadi, concerns the imperial household and its maintenance. The second book, sipah-abadi, covers the military and civil administration and the establishment of servants. This book includes notices and short biographical sketches of imperial officials (mansabdars), learned men, poets and artists.
6. The third book, mulk-abadi, is the one which deals with the fiscal side of the empire and provides information on revenue rates, followed by the “Account of the Twelve Provinces”.
7. The Ain remains an extraordinary document of its times. By providing fascinating glimpses into the structure and organisation of the Mughal Empire and by giving us quantitative information about its products and people.

When an equilibrium is subjected to any kind of stress (change in concetration, temperature or pressure) it shifts in a direction so as to undo the effect of stress.

➡️Prof. Gaitonde had a collision with a truck. At that time he was thinking of the catastrophe theory and its implications for history.

➡️He found himself in another Bombay-which looked more like England (cleaner, big English shops).The East India Company was flourishing.

➡️In this different Bombay, he went to the Asiatic Society library in the town hall, to read some History books, including the ones he had written.

➡️Most of the history was as he knew it in his world–but the point where history had changed was the Battle of Panipat. In this different world, the Marathas had won.

➡️The Marathas had not allowed the East India Company to expand. In fact, its influence was limited to a few places like Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. India had become a democracy but allowed the British to carry on for commercial reasons.

➡️Prof. G wanted to find out how the Marathas had won the battle. Acc to one history book , the Maratha army’s morale was boosted when Vishwasrao managed to escape death narrowly.

➡️Next morning he went for a stroll to Azad Maidan. There was a lecture and Prof. G went and sat on the vacant presidential chair. It turned out that in this world people were fed up of long speeches and had abolished the ‘chairing’ custom. They got angry because Prof. G would not stop talking. They threw things at him and then got onto the stage to throw him out. And suddenly Prof G vanished.

➡️He was found in the Azad Maidan, in his own familiar world. Where had he been for two days?

➡️He showed RD the proof that he had been somewhere else and not just imagining things– the torn-off page of the history book from the other world, about Vishwasrao escaping death. In his book in his own world, the account was given as V being hit by the bullet and dying. So in our world, the Marathas had not won, the East India Company had not flourished and so on.

➡️Through discussions, Prof G and RD came to the conclusion that there could be many ‘different worlds……at different points of time.’ They could all have a different history. Prof. G had been to another world. The time was the present but their history was completely different!

Modulus Function is the function in which the image of domain's any real number is the positive real counter part in the co domain...
It's Algebraically defined as 
f(x) = |x| or
f(x) = { x , if x>=0 & -(x) , if x<0 }

Range(f) = Real No. (- <><>,+ <><>)
Domain(f) = Positive Real No. [0 , +<><>)

• The graph of the modulus function is given below.