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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
In the 1920s, the German biochemist Otto Warburg (1883-1970) discovered that plants consumed oxygen at a higher rate when they were illuminated. He also found that this increased rate of oxygen consumption inhibited photosynthesis. Stimulation of oxygen consumption by light is now referred to as photorespiration. Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or C2 photosynthesis) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. ... Photorespiration also incurs a direct cost of one ATP and one NAD(P)H.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
The important steps muscle contraction:
1. Muscle contraction is initiated by a signal sent by the central nervous system (CNS) via a motor neuron and reach the neuromuscular junction. As a result, neurotransmitter (Acetyl choline) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma.
2. This spreads through the muscle fibre and causes the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.
3. Increase in Calcium level leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin. Utilising the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge.
4. The actin filaments are pulled. As a result, the H-zone reduces. It is at this stage that the contraction of the muscle occurs.
5. After muscle contraction, the myosin head pulls the actin filament and releases ADP along with inorganic phosphate. ATP molecules bind and detach myosin and the cross bridges are broken and decreases the calcium ions contraction. As a result, masking the actin filaments and leading to muscle relaxation.
Posted by Yakshi Baliyan 6 years, 9 months ago
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