Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. The first person to use the word γεωγραφία was Eratosthenes.

Hominids have evolved from hominoids and share certain common features, but there are major differences as well: 

• 1 bit (binary digit) = the value of 0 or 1.
• 8 bits = 1 byte.
• 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte.
• 1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte.
• 1024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte.
• 1024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte.
• 1024 terabytes = 1 petabyte.

Nucleotides are small complex molecules made of:
(1) Njicleotide : Each nucleotide consist of 3 units - a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and phosphate group.
(2) Nitrogenous base: Nitrogenous base are the purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine or uracil).
(3) The nucleotides are mono or di or triphosphates of nucleosides, e.g., Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

STRUCTUREAND PHYSIOGRAPHY
(i) The Peninsular Block
(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar Mountains
(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.

THE PENINSULAR BLOCK Boundaries of the PENINSULAR BLOCK
1. The northern boundary of the Peninsular Block may be taken as an irregular line Movement of Indian plate running from Kachch along the western flank of the Aravali Range near Delhi and then roughly parallel to the Yamuna and the Ganga as far as the Rajmahal Hills and the Ganga delta. Apart from these,
2. The Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya Plateau in the northeast and Rajasthan in the west are also extensions of this block.
3. The northeastern parts are separated by the Malda fault in West Bengal from the Chotanagpur plateau.
4. The Peninsula is formed essentially by a great complex of very ancient gneisses and granites,
5.Since the Cambrian period, the Peninsula has been standing like a rigid block with the exception of some of its western coast which is submerged beneath the sea and some other parts changed due to tectonic activity without affecting the original basement.
6. As a part of the Indo-Australian Plate, it has been subjected to various vertical movements and block faulting. The rift valleys of the Narmada, the Tapi and the Mahanadi and the Satpura block mountains are some examples of it.
The Peninsula mostly consists of relict and residual mountains like the Aravali hills, the Nallamala hills, the Javadi hills, the Veliconda hills, the Palkonda range and the Mahendragiri hills, etc.

THE HIMALAYAS AND OTHER PENINSULAR MOUNTAINS
1. The Himalayas along with other Peninsular mountains are young, weak and flexible in their geological structure unlike the rigid and stable Peninsular Block.
2. Consequently, they are still subjected to the interplay of exegetic and endogenic forces, resulting in the development of faults, folds and thrust plains.
3. These mountains are tectonic in origin, dissected by fast-flowing rivers which are in their youthful stage.
4. Various landforms like gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids, waterfalls, etc. are indicative of this stage.

INDO-GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
The third geological division of India comprises the plains formed by the river Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
It was a geo-synclinal depression which attained its maximum development during the third phase of the Himalayan mountain formation approximately about 64 million years ago.
Since then, it has been gradually filled by the sediments brought by the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.
Average depth of alluvial deposits in these plains ranges from 1,000-2,000 m.

With time the trend of physical education in India is changing. It has gained lots of importance with time and has evolved in itself to new dimensions and platforms.
Along with this the new generation has found new and keen interest in the field of physical education. This is though not a new field and was never untouched by exploration.
With the growing civilization and globalization, the physical education has spread its branches to new direction.
For some it is a mode of entertainment, physical training, body training, body culture, an aspect of healthy living, a significant part of education itself and an evolved dimension of general and much required physical education.
These have now developed as even an important competitive sports activity.

The Quantum Theory of Radiations by Max Planck can explain the photoelectric effect very well. Max Planck says that light is made of bundles of energy known as photons, energy of each photon being equal to hγ, γ being the frequency of the light. So when a photon of frequency being equal to the threshold frequency of the metal strikes the metal surface, it imparts its whole energy to an electron and hence helps the electron to overcome the forces of attraction from the nucleus of the atom. In this way an electron is ejected out of a metal surface when a photon strikes it. If the frequency of the photon is less that γ₀ (threshold frequency), then no photoelectric effect is observed.

But if γ>γ₀ , then some of its energy (which is equal to the ionization energy) is consumed in ejecting the electron from the metal and the remaining is used to impart some kinetic energy to the ejected electron.

Hγ= Ф + (½)mv²

Here, Ф is the ionization energy, v is the velocity imparted to the ejected electron, m is the mass of the electron.

As Ф=hγ₀ , hγ= hγ₀ + (½)mv²

Rearranging,  (½)mv² = h (γ-γ₀)………….(1)

Equation (1) is called Einstein photoelectric equation.