India is neither a giant nor a pygmy because it is not their are six countries larger than India, ie. Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil and Australia. And there are many countries other countries smaller than India such as Sri Lanka, Nepal etc. So it doesn't come under the category of giant or pygmy.

Public health professionals focus on the health of individuals, families and communities. They do this by analyzing and developing healthcare programs with the goal of reaching as many people as possible. Health administration professionals work to administer, lead and manage healthcare systems, such as hospitals, hospital networks or large healthcare systems. These dedicated individuals work closely with other healthcare professionals to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. They also administer programs that teach healthy lifestyle habits and prevention of disease and illness, in the hopes of promoting a healthier overall community.

There are three categories: hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous. (a) hypogynous, if sepals, petals and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the ovary. ... (c) epigynous, if sepals, petals and stamens arise from the top of the ovary, or from a hypanthium inserted above the ovary. In hypogynous flowers, the perianth and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the gynoecium; the ovary is superior to these organs, and the remaining floral organs arise from below the point of origin of the carpel. ... …the pistil; such flowers are hypogynous (e.g., buttercup and magnolia).

NOTE MAKING

1. Must write the title. It should state what the majority of the passage talks about.

2. Minimum 4 abbreviations to be used in note making and make key to abbreviations after writing the notes and not after the summary. (maximum abbreviations :7)

3. Helping verbs ,articles ,pronouns and determiners could be omitted

4. Write minimum 3 main heading and 3 sub headings (do not write too many subheadings)

5. Write phrases not complete sentences

6. Do not forget to use indentation

7. Do not use numbers as abbreviations :

WRONG : 2 –two Wid- with

CORRECT : Edu. – education (use 1^st few letters)

Achvmnt-achievement (omit vowels)

b’ful- beautiful , can’t -cannot (write first few and last few letters)

BBC –British broadcasting Corporation (acronyms)

@,& ,= (conventionall symbols)

Govt. ,Ans. ,Ltd (standard abbreviations)

1. Notes making should not be lengthy. It should not cover more than 2 sides of a page.

SUMMARY

1. Do not exceed word limit given in the exam

2. Summary is made out of notes not the passage

3. Do not divide the summary in different paragraphs.

4. It should be attempted just after the note making

5. Do not start like this : ‘The passage talks about’

6. Do not use any abbreviations in summary

7. Write complete , grammatically correct sentences.

8. Try to follow the order of the notes as far as possible

FORMAT:

The flow of the glomerular filtrate in the two limbs of Henle’s loop and the vasa recta is in a counter-current pattern.
NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of the vasa recta.
NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the descending portion of the vasa recta.
Similarly, minute quantities of urea enter the thin segment of Henle’s loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule.
The counter-current pattern and the proximity between the Henle’s loop and the vasa recta help to maintain the osmolarity in the inner medullary interstitium, i.e. 300 mOsmoiL−1 in the cortex and 1200 mOsmoiL−1 in the medulla.
This process is called the counter-current mechanism.