The negative electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine. It is due to small size of fluorine atom. As a result, there are strong interelectronic repulsions in the relatively small 2p orbitals of fluorine and thus, the incoming electron does not experience much attraction.

There are three amino acids that have basic side chains at neutral pH. ... For these amino acids, the protonated forms predominate at physiological pH (about 7). Two amino acids have acidic side chains at neutral pH. These are aspartic acid or aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or glutamate (Glu). Histidine is the most basic amino acid in the given compound. This can be attributed to the fact that the histidine contains the most number of a basic nitrogen atom. Normally, an amino acid produces a nearly neutral solution since the acid group and the basic amine group on the root amino acid neutralize each other in the zwitterion. If the amino acid structure contains two acid groups and one amine group, there is a net acid producing effect.

Analytical Industry Which analyses and separates different elements from the same materials, e.g., oil refinery
Synthetically Industry Which combines various ingredients into a new product, e.g., cements industry.

In the beginning of Amitav Ghosh's account of his friend Agha Shahid Ali, we encounter a young man who was fast approaching his death. He had been under treatment for cancer for some fourteen months but he could still stand on his feet and spoke lucidly albeit with occasional lapses of memory. He possessed a superior intellect, an irresistible charm, a certain frankness and candour of manner. He did not take his illness too seriously and would often make light of his failings. A powerful personality, his voice was like none other, at once lyrical and fiercely disciplined, engaged and yet inwardly deep. Agha Shahid Ali specialised in the most trivial exchanges, speaking about food, half-forgotten figures from the past, a convivial and enthusiastic man who loved entertaining in company in spite of his failing health. Shahid had the magician's ability to transform the mundane into the magical, he was a man who loved life and all its attendant paraphernalia. Even in his darkest moments, he could make other people laugh. Shahid never lost track of the progress of the evening's meal. He could tell from the smell alone what the exact stage in the preparation of rogan josh. He set great store on the authenticity and exactitude of food preparation and would not tolerate any deviation from traditional methods. He pitied those who took shortcuts in life. he had a special passion for the food of his region as a Kashmiri Pandit. He used to have a recurrent dream in which all the Pandits had vanished from the valley of Kashmir and their food had become extinct. It was a nightmare that haunted him and he returned to it continuously in his conversations and poetry. He was a man given to enjoying life and experiencing everything that came his way. Shahid was fond of Begum Akhtar's music, an abiding presence in his life. He was also an experienced practitioner of repartee and had several interesting anecdotes to share. Agha Shahid Ali could be the life and soul of any gathering, a figure of poignancy and pathos who never stopped living life even when life gave up on him.

• The Solvay process is extensively used for industrial preparation of sodium carbonate (soda ash). The process is named after Ernest Solvay who developed the process during the 1860s.
• Carbon dioxide reacts with the dissolved ammonia to form ammonium carbonate followed by ammonium hydrogen carbonate.

2NH₃ +H₂O + CO₂ ---> (NH₄)₂CO₃

(Ammonia)                 (Ammonium Carbonate)

(NH₄)₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ --> NH₄HCO₃

(Ammonium Carbonate)       (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate)

NH₄HCO₃       +          NaCl  -->   NH₄Cl     +    NaHCO₃

Sodium hydrogen carbonate crystal separates. These are heated to give sodium carbonate.

     2 NaHCO₃       -->      Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

But this process cannot be used to prepare potassium due to the high solubility of potassium bicarbonate and hence difficult to be precipitated by adding ammonium bicarbonate to a saturated solution of potassium