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When a single lamina is connected to the main stem by a petiole, the leaf is said to be simple. A simple leaf may be incised to any depth but not down to the midrib or petiole. Eg., Guava leaves.
In a palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached at the tip of the petiole. Silk, cotton.
In a pinnately compound leaf, the midrib of the leaf is divided into numerous leaflets and all connected by a common axis. Eg., Neem.
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|
C3 Plants |
C4 Plants |
| The primary product obtained is 3- phosphoglyceric acid. | The primary product is a 4 carbon compound, oxaloacetate. |
| Occurs in mesophyll cells. | Occurs in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. |
| These can be found in cool and wet areas. | These can be found in dry areas. |
| 95% of the green plants are C3 plants. | 5% of the green plants are C4 plants. |
| The rate of photorespiration is high. | Photorespiration is absent. |
| Leaves of these plants show Kranz anatomy. | Leaves of these plants do not show Kranz anatomy. |
| Abundant in temperate conditions. | Abundant in tropical conditions. |
| Bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. | Bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. |
| Carbon dioxide fixation occurs only once. | Carbon dioxide fixation occurs twice. |
| All the steps of dark reaction take place in mesophyll cells. | The initial steps are carried out in mesophyll cells and the subsequent steps are carried out in bundle-sheath cells. |
| The optimum tem[perature for photosynthesis is very low. | The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is high. |
| They have higher amount of crude proteins. | They have lesser amount of crude proteins. |
| These evolved 2.5 billion years ago. | Evolved 12 million years ago. |
| Carbon dioxide fixation is slow. | Carbon dioxide fixation is faster. |
| Photosynthesis is inhibited when stomata are closed. | Photosynthesis occurs even when stomata are closed. |
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