Khan Sahib met Professor Gaitonde in the Jijamata Express.

The latter also asked a former if he was actually going to Bombay city  for the 1st time.  

The professor also asked him how he will go to the targeted destination named Peshawar.

After that, Khan discussed more regarding his business.

When they were conversing continuously, the train goes to Victoria Terminus, and professor gaitonde  got down as well as two of them went their individual paths.

(i) Increase in input prices: Change in price of raw material and remuneration of factors, (rent, wages, interest and profit) influence the cost of production of a commodity and thereby its supply. An increase in price of inputs, will increase the cost of production leading to a reduction in profit. This will make the producer reduce the supply of the commodity, shifting the supply curve to the left.
(ii) Reduction in per unit tax: Government levies various taxes on production of goods, e.g., excise duty, etc. Such taxes influence supply because it adds to the cost of production. Reduction in per unit tax levied by the government will decrease the cost of production and increase supply by the firms due to higher profit margins. In this case the supply curve will shift towards the right.

Taplow is a teenager, a lower fifth grade student of science. He is a student of Mr. Crocker-Harris. His conversation with Frank gives a wide view of his character and also the character of Crocker-Harris. It tells about his likes and dislikes. He wants to specialise in the subject of Science, h dislikes Arts.He has a strange attitude towards Crocker-Harris. He presents his views about the latter in a very frank and straight-forward manner. 

He has to stay behind even on the last day of the school. Mr. Crocker-Harris has given him extra work to do because he had been ill for a day during the week and missed the class. It is already very late. Mr. Crocker-Harris has not come yet. But Taplow is afraid of Crocker. He dare not leave the class until Crocker comes. Although he is afraid of Crocker, he doesn’t dislike him. He laughs at Crocker’s poor joke only out of respect. We can say that Taplow is a very obedient student.

The Chinese vision of fine art tries to attain the essence of spirit and internal life. There has hardly been any concept of realism. This suggests that Chinese artists were aware of the abstract observation of life, which is deeply encrypted in their paintings and other works of art.  On the other hand, the depiction of the art of the Europeans encompasses fantasy-based portrayal. It is more focused on the physical world which involves realism or an escape from reality.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is known as the father of political science. He is called the father of political science largely because of his work entitled Politics. This treatise is divided into eight books, and deals with subjects such as citizenship, democracy, oligarchy and the state.

Kublai Khan gained control over China in 1271.

There lies a huge difference between the Venetian and the French governments. The best way to describe the Venetian Government is '' Venice über alles", meaning 'Venice above all’. This statement proves that Venice had a more just and efficient government as compared to any other European governments in contemporary times. On the other hand, the 15th-century French government has been referred as ’Feudal barbarism’ by Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Venetian administration was mostly controlled by the Great Council. It comprised some of the prominent members of the city. The state to these patricians was a mere extension of their family and individual interests. These people realised that only the efficient administration of the state could ensure the effective functioning of the trading, which was the primary source of revenue of the land. People of the lesser ranks such as the merchants, doctors and lawyers also had an important role to play in the state. They served as the ambassadors and diplomats. The lower ranks also had important rights and obligations. Thus, the administration of Venice was a participative practice. The government made all efforts to fulfil the needs of the poor. Provisions were made for the supply of food, conducting great ceremonies and celebrations, and assurance of legal system with justice for all.

The French government stood polls apart from the Venetian style of governance. It was based on the system of Feudalism. Feudalism was a social and economic system that existed in France, England and Italy during the 9th and 15th century. Here, the agricultural production was based on the relation between lords and peasants. The lords owned huge lands, and the peasants had to cultivate their own lands as well as the lords' land. In return for the services rendered by the peasants, the lords provided military protection to them. The lords also extended judicial control over the peasants and the settlement. This practise was highly exploitative. The worst sufferers were the serfs, who were devoid of all rights. The serf had extreme low status in the society. The word of the master was the law. He could not raise a voice against the master. Legal rights also did not exist for either of him.

Financial planning is the process of preparation of a financial blueprint of an organisation’s future operations. The objective of financial planning is to ensure that enough funds are available at right time.

The importance of financial planning is:
(i) It helps in forecasting what may happen in future under different business situations. By doing so, it helps the firms to face the eventual situation in a better way. By preparing a blueprint of these three situations the management may decide what must be done different situations.
(ii) It helps in avoiding business shocks and surprises and helps the company in preparing for the future.
(iii) If helps in co-ordinating various business functions, e.g., sales and production functions, by providing clear policies and procedures.
(iv) Detailed plans of action prepared under financial planning reduce waste, duplication of efforts, and gaps in planning.
(v)  It tries to link the present with the future.
(vi)  It provides a link between investment and financing decisions on a continuous basis.

Basically NH₃ is a base due to the lone pair of electrons present on the Nitrogen atom which is available for donation. On the other hand PH₃ is also a base but its basic character is less than that of NH₃ because the nitrogen in phosphorous have lone pair of electrons that are not readily available for donation.

Also the P-H bonds are weaker than N-H bonds, so there’s not as much compensation for protonating PH₃. This is a result of the inert pair effect, seen in heavier elements.

Let first term be a = 1; and common ratio = d;
Then,
      ad² + a d^{4} = 90
=> d⁴ + d² - 90 = 0
=> d⁴ + 10d² - 9d² - 90 = 0
=> (d² - 9) (d² + 10) = 0
=> d² = 9     {Neglecting -10}
=> d = ±3 Hence, the common ratio is ±3.....

According to Newton the change in pressure & volume in air is an isothermal process.
Therefore he calculated,v =√(p/p) on substituting the require value he found, the velocity of sound was not in close agreement with the observation value. Then Laplace pointed out the error in Newton’s formula. According to Laplace the change in pressure and volume is an adiabatic process. So he calculated the value of sound as, v =√(yr/p) on putting require value he found velocity of sound as 332m/s very closed to observed theory.