• The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide.
• Movement of water caused by meteorological effects (winds and atmospheric pressure changes) are called surges.
• Surges are not regular like tides.
• The ‘tide-generating’ force is the difference between these two forces; i.e. the gravitational attraction of the moon and the centrifugal force.
• On the surface of the earth, the horizontal tide generating forces are more important than the vertical forces in generating the tidal bulges.
• The tidal bulges on wide continental shelves, have greater height. When tidal bulges hit the mid- oceanic islands they become low.
• The shape of bays and estuaries along a coastline can also magnify the intensity of tides. Funnel-shaped bays greatly change tidal magnitudes. When the tide is channeled between islands or into bays and estuaries they are called tidal currents.

Tides based on Frequency

Semi-diurnal tide : The most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day. The successive high or low tides are approximately of the same height.
Diurnal tide : There is only one high tide and one low tide during each day. The successive high and low tides are approximately of the same height.

Mixed tide: Tides having variations in height are known as mixed tides. These tides generally occur along the west coast of North America and on many islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Tides based on the Sun, Moon and the Earth Positions The height of rising water (high tide) varies appreciably depending upon the position of sun and moon with respect to the earth. Spring tides and neap tides come under this category.
Spring tides: The position of both the sun and the moon in relation to the earth has direct bearing on tide height. When the sun, the moon and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher. These are called spring tides and they occur twice a month, one on full moon period and another during new moon period.

The author's Grandmother is a lady who is very spiritual and is a lady not accustomed to the Modern Techniques, styles and way of life. She has a kind heart and is very kind to animals. She is very much accustomed to the Village Way of Life. She is the frequent visitor of the temple. Her view and perspective of music is that it is the monopoly of harlots.

The story runs between hope and despair. The sea-voyage started on a note of hope and enthusiasm, and ended on a note of fulfillment. During the voyage, the boat had to sail in rough waters. The captain managed to steer the boat to an island. At times, his failing courage got the boost from his family members, and crew. His wife stayed at the wheels in the crucial hours, his seven years old girl did not let them worry about her head injury and his six years old boy was not afraid to die.  

There are four principal biological systems of the earth. These systems are fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide virtually all the raw material for the industry. However, due to the increasing demand of human beings to such an „unsustainable‟ extent, the productivity of these systems is being hampered. The excessive demand results in deterioration and depletion of these resources. A country where protein is consumed on a large scale, over-fishing is common, which leads to the collapse of fisheries in that area. Grasslands have been turned into deserts and production of crops is decreasing. The forests are destroyed in large proportions to obtain firewood. Depletion of tropical forests has also led to the extinction of several species.

When Shahid approached Gosh out of the blue that he would die and asked for him to compose something about him, Ghosh was shocked and astounded. He couldn’t discover words,the most effective method to react. He attempted to reassure him. “Oh dear! I can’t see a thing… I hope this doesn’t mean that I am dying,” The dread of death was plainly obvious in Shahid’s manner of speaking and use of words.

Physical fitness : It is the ability of an individual to carry out his daily routine without getting tired and having extra amount of energy to meet any kind of unforeseen emergency.
Wellness : It is the ability to live life fully, with vitality and meaning. It is dynamic and multi-dimensional. Wellness incorporates have derived, to their full benefit. They may need to modify their habits and lifestyle for better hygiene.
• Health Education is of great importance for everyone, since it provides knowledge about personal and environmental hygiene. People learn to keep their body and surroundings clean and clear from dust and germs. This helps in preventing any communicable diseases.
• Health education provides awareness about the communicable diseases, their prevention and cure. This helps in controlling the spread of diseases like Malaria, AIDS, Swine flu, Tuberculosis and more.
• Health education helps us to become aware of the dietary requirements of our body, and what one needs to intake in appropriate quantities. The caloric intake depends on age, ***, and nature of work of a person. School children are given nutritious diet under the scheme ‘mid day meal’ to meet the required balanced diet.
• Health Education helps detect diseases at an early stage. Physical deformities/ diseases/like poor eye sight, hearing disabilities, malnutrition may be detected at an early stage. Once detected in time, people can be informed about corrective methods.
• Postural correction can help avoid a lot of
problems like back pain, hunched back, knee joints pain, etc. Corrective posture and regular exercises help us a lot.
physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, interpersonal, social and environmental dimensions.
Physical fitness and wellness is required for proper growth and development. It enables the body’s physiological systems to function more efficiently and smoothly. Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body but also the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity.
(i) It improves the quality of life. In our daily life a physically fit person can manage the
routine work efficiently and without getting fatigue.
(ii) It helps in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A physically fit person is less prone to coronary heart diseases.
(iii) It improves the efficiency of cardiovascular system.
(iv) Helps in harmonious growth and development.
(v) Fulfils proper nutritional requirement.
(vi) It helps in better management of stress and tension.
(vii) Delays the aging process.
(viii) Quick recovery after injury or illness. Recovery from fatigue is also faster and quicker.
(ix) Improvement of motor abilities. Our strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, and coordination are improved to a great extent.
(x) Better quality of work. It regulates and improves overall body functions. Response becomes more accurate therefore less wastage of energy.
(xi) Better functioning of system leading to good health and optimum development of body.
(xii) Attain good shape, size, structure and controlled weight. We can also remove postural deformity through it.

The term monopoly means a single seller (mono = single and poly = seller). In economics, a monopoly refers to a firm which has a product without any substitute in the market. Therefore, for all practical purposes, it is a single-firm industry.