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Ask QuestionPosted by Abhishek Kumar Rao 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells. This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle. This shows the TCA cycle in the context of what is happening in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The TCA cycle is amphibolic; i.e., it serves as a catabolic and an anabolic pathway. Reactions that utilize intermediates of the cycle as precursors for the biosynthesis of other molecules are as follows. This reaction takes place in the cytoplasm and is a source of acetyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis.
Posted by Abhishek Kumar Rao 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The TCA cycle is a central pathway into which many metabolites feed. It consists of a number of reactions which generate NADH and FADH₂ which can in turn be used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate ATP. The TCA cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that produces two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2. The regulation of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by the ADP level is called respiratory control or acceptor control. The level of ADP likewise affects the rate of the citric acid cycle because of its need for NAD+ and FAD. The physiological significance of this regulatory mechanism is evident. The major significance of the citric acid cycle is to act as the final common pathway for the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, since glucose, fatty acids and many amino acids are all metabolised to acetyl CoA.
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| ELECTROPHILE | NUCLEOPHILE |
| Also called as Lewis acid | Also called as Lewis base |
| They are positively charged / neutral | They are negatively charged / neutral |
| They undergo electrophilic addition and electrophilic substitution reactions | They undergo nucleophilic addition and nucleophilic substitution reactions |
| Electron-deficient | Electron-rich |
| It accepts a pair of an electron to form a covalent bond | It donates a pair of an electron to form a covalent bond |
| All carbocations | All carbanions |
| Example: Hydronium Ion | Example: Chloride Ion |
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