On my visit to a bus stand, I can witness the following activities:

1. Buses of various destinations are waiting for its passengers.
2. At the bus stand there is a big queue for the purchase of tickets.
3. People who have taken a halt are taking refreshments in a canteen.
3. The bus conductors are shouting for people to board the bus.
4. Hawkers are roaming to sell their items.
5. Beggars are busy with their begging.
6. There is too much hustle bustle in the area.

Out of these, the following can be called economic activity:

1. Hawkers selling their items.
2. People are purchasing tickets.
3. Beggars asking for money.
4. The bus conductors asking people to board the bus.

The formula mass (formula weight) of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in its empirical formula.
The molecular mass (molecular weight) of a molecule is its average mass as calculated by adding together the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecular formula.

On mountains and hilly regions, the air is less dense and the atmospheric pressure is also less. As the altitude is higher, the air column weight is reduced. So the pressure is reduced as compared to the sea level or below the mountains.  Water has a lower boiling point at a lower temperature.

The food items like rice or meat need to be cooked at high temperatures. If we heat rice at 70°C, it does not cook completely. It becomes half cooked. Usually we use water to cook our food. So water heats up to the lower boiling point (say 80°C) at the top of the hill and boils.  The temperature does not rise above 80°C.  But at the sea level, the water boils up to 100°C and so the food is heated to 100°C.  Then it is cooked nicely and it becomes soft and edible.

It is possible to add salt to water to increase the boiling point on top of hills. But salt water could change the taste of food.

The dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers are used for measuring humidity in the air. The dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers are two identical thermometers fixed to a wooden frame. The bulb of the dry thermometer is kept uncovered and is exposed to the air while the bulb of the wet bulb thermometer is wrapped up with a piece of wet muslin, which is kept continuously moist by dipping a strand of it into a small vessel of distilled water. The evaporation from the wet bulb lowers its temperature.

Dry bulb readings are not affected by the amount of water vapour present in the air, but the wet bulb readings vary with it since the rate of evaporation is dependent upon the amount of water vapour present in the air. The greater the humidity in the air, the slower the rate of evaporation and hence, the difference between the readings of the dry bulb and wet bulb will be small. On the other hand, when the air is dry, the evaporation from the surface of the wet bulb is rapid, which would lower its temperature and the difference between the two readings would be larger. Hence, the difference of the readings of the dry bulb and the wet bulb thermometers determines the state of the atmosphere with regard to its humidity. The larger the difference, the more arid is the air.

Demerits of Joint Stock Company is as Follows: -

1.       Difficulty in Formation: -The formation of the company is in itself a very difficult and involves too many formalities. Promoters have to prepare and submit various documents to the registrar of companies for approval i.e. Articles of Association, Memorandum of Association etc. the public limited company cannot commence business without obtaining a certificate of commencement of business. Registration of Joint Stock Companies is compulsory as per Indian Companies Act, 1956. Thus the formation is complicated, costly and time consuming.

2.       Delay in Decisions: - In sole trading concern, and partnership firm decisions can be taken quickly. Company business is managed by Board of Directors who are not owners of the company. Therefore, there is no direct motivation for directors to give their best to the company. Moreover, for taking various decisions and getting them approved from share holders, they have to hold board Meeting and share holders meeting, for which a proper procedure has to be followed. That results into delay in decision making, good business opportunities may be lost.

3.       Excessive Government Control: - There is a lot of government interference in the working of the company. Various rules and regulation of the companies Act have to be strictly followed by the company, the non – compliance of any of these provisions results into penalties for the officers involved.

4.       High cost of Management: - The management of joint stock company form of organization is costly. The formation involves availing of the expert services of many professional like underwriters, financial and technical experts, share brokers, solicitors, bankers etc.

5.       Undue Speculation: -since directors are responsible for the management of the company, they sometime use the confidential information for speculation and for personal gains. This results in sudden fluctuations in prices of shares in stock exchange, adversely affecting the public confidence.

6.       No Personal Contact: -Due to very large size of the organization, employees feel that their efforts are not recognized and appreciated, their work related problems are not taken care of. as a result they feel demoralized and their productivity declines.

7.       Lack of Secrecy: -There is no business secrecy involved in the company form of organization since it has to fulfill various statutory requirements.

8.   No Direct Effort Reward Relationship: -Since the ownership and management are separate, there is no direct relationship between the efforts and rewards. This can be de motivating for the owners of the company

Following are the functions of statistics :
I. Presentation of facts in figures :Statistics presents the various facts and figures, in such a manner so that various complicated facts become easy, brief and concrete and they may be understood easily. In it, facts are presented through diagrams and graphs, which are useful to a common man also.
2. Establishment of relationship : With the help of statistical methods (correlation), relationship between two or more facts may be established. It may be find out that these facts have any relationship or not, what is the direction and degree of relationship between them etc.
3. Comparison : Two or more effects may be compared with the help of statistics. Various averages, rates, percentages and coefficients are used for this purpose.
4. Interpretation of problems : With the help of statistical devices, interpretation of various problems may be done. For example by collecting the data of unemployment among educated persons, the nature of employment problems among them may be interpreted.
5. Formation of laws and principles of other sciences : Statistics helps to other social and natural sciences in forming the laws and with its help the various rules and principles of those sciences may be tested.
6. Helpful in deciding the policy : With the help of statistics various policy decisions may be taken logically and successfully. For example price policy, export-import policy etc.