Merits:

•Realistic, practicable form of democracy

•Allows a level of popular participation high level of accountability

•Recent proportional electoral system has strengthened representative democracy in Scotland and Wales.

•Politicians posses expert knowledge

•It simplifies the decision-making process.

Demerits:

•Turnout is declining

•Westminster system is disproportional, therefore unrepresentative

•Government and politicians often appear remote from the general public.

•It is still a costly form of government.

•This form of government encourages deception.

 भूकंपीय तरंगें दो प्रकार की होती हैं। इन्हें ‘P’ तरंगें व ‘S’ तरंगें कहा जाता है। ‘P’ तरंगें तीव्र गति से चलने वाली तरंगें हैं और धरातल पर सबसे पहले पहुँचती हैं। ‘P’ तरंगें गैस, तरल व ठोस तीनों प्रकार के पदार्थों से गुजर सकती हैं। ‘S’ तरंगों के विषय में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण तथ्य यह है कि ये केवल ठोस पदार्थों के ही माध्यम से चलती हैं। भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार की भूकंपीय तरंगों के संचरित होने की प्रणाली भिन्न-भिन्न होती हैं। जैसे ही ये संचरित होती हैं। वैसे ही शैलों में कंपन पैदा होता है। ‘P’ तरंगों से कंपन की दिशा तरंगों की दिशा के समानांतर ही होती हैं। यह संचरण गति की दिशा में ही पदार्थ पर दबाव डालती हैं। इसके दबाव के फलस्वरूप पदार्थ के घनत्व में भिन्नता आती है और शैलों में संकुचन व फैलाव की प्रक्रिया पैदा होती है। अन्य तीन तरह की तरंगें संचरण गति के समकोण दिशा में कंपन पैदा करती हैं। ‘S’ तरंगें ऊर्ध्वाधर तल में तरंगों की दिशा के समकोण पर कंपन पैदा करती हैं। अतः ये जिस पदार्थ से गुजरती हैं, उसमें उभार व गर्त बनाती हैं। धरातलीय तरंगें सबसे अधिक विनाशकारी समझी जाती हैं।

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The important characteristics of Statistics are as follows:

• Statistics are numerically expressed.
• It has an aggregate of facts
• Data are collected in systematic order
• It should be comparable to each other
• Data are collected for a planned purpose

1. हामिद की आयु यूं तो 4 से 5 वर्ष के बीच थी, परंतु वह अपनी उम्र से ज्यादा समझदार दिखता था। जिस तरह की समझदारी उसने दिखाई वैसी समझदारी तो बड़ी आयु के लोग ही दिखा सकते हैं। इस प्रकार वो अपनी आयुकाल से बहुत आगे था।
2. उसके मन में अपनी दादी के प्रति प्रेम है, संवेदना है, वह पैसे के महत्व को समझता है और अपनी आयु के अन्य बच्चों की तरह पैसों को अपनी मौज मस्ती में खर्च नही करता। उसे मालूम है कि उसकी दादी गरीब है और इसलिए वो पैसे समझदारी से खर्च करता है। जब उसके मित्र उसके दोस्त उसका मजाक उड़ाते हैं तो वह बिल्कुल भी घबराता नहीं है और शांत रहता है।  
3. हामिद के अंदर चतुराई भी है, वह जानता है कि उसके पास कम पैसे हैं और उसके दोस्त जब पैसे मिठाई-खिलौनों आदि में पैसे खर्च करते हैं तो वो खिलौनों और मिठाई की बुराइयां बताकर दोस्तों के सामने अपनी निर्धनता छुपाकर स्वयं को शर्मिंदा होने से बचा लेता है।

High yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds are those seeds which produce huge quantities of crops particularly wheat and rice. Regular supply of water, maximum use of fertilisers and use of pesticides in an accurate proportion is needed in to use these seeds. Financial resources to purchase the fertilisers and pesticides and to install the required irrigation facilities are needed by the farmers to take full advantage from HYV seeds.

• Hamid, 4 years of age, is a very poor boy. He lives with his dadi(grandmother) Amina. Hamid lost his parents when he was an infant. His aged grandmother, Amina, fulfills their daily needs by doing needle work for others. His Dadi has told him that very soon his father and mother will return home with lots of money, sweets and gifts for him from the house of Allah. He is full of hope and happily awaiting that day.
• On the morning of Eid, poor Hamid doesn’t have new clothes or shoes like other children. He has only six paise (very little money) as Idi for the festival, to spend in a fair. His friends spend their pocket-money on rides, candies and buying beautiful colourful clay toys. Hamid dismisses this as a waste of money for momentary pleasure. While his friends are enjoying themselves, he overcomes his temptation and goes to a hardware shop to buy a chimta (pair of tongs). He remembers how his dadi burns her hand while cooking rotis (Indian flat bread).
• Hamid goes home and gifts the chimta to his dadi. At first she is shocked and annoyed by his stupidity that instead of eating anything or buying any toy at the fair, he has purchased a chimta. But then Hamid reminds her of how she burns her fingers daily, while making rotis. She bursts into tears at this and blesses him for his kindness.

• Parliament has limited powers to amend the constitution.
• Parliament cannot damage or destroy the basic features of the Constitution.
• The procedure prescribed for the amendment is mandatory. Non-compliance with it will result in the invalidity of the amendment.
• Clauses (4) and (5) inserted in Art. 368 by the 42nd Amendment Act are invalid because they take away the right of judicial review.
• Parliament cannot increase its amending power by amending Art. 368.

'Mahashay' Dharampal Gulati, the owner of Mahashian Di Hatti (popularly known as MDH), passed away today at the age of 98. According to reports, he was undergoing treatment at Chanan Devi Hospital for the past few weeks and suffered a cardiac arrest on Thursday morning.

The three strongest trends that are shaping business;

(i) digitisation —the conversion of text, sound, images, video, and other content into a series of ones and zeroes that can be transmitted electronically,

(ii) outsourcing, and,

(iii) inter – nationalisation and globalisation. 

1. There are four principal biological systems of the Earth - (1) fisheries (2) forests (3) grasslands (4) croplands, as pointed by Mr Lester R Brown.
2. Unfortunately, the human claims on these systems as reaching points, where their productivity is getting impaired.
3. The protein hungry world is over-fishing every day. In poor countries, local forests are being .destroyed everyday to get firewood for cooking.
4. The growing use of dung for burning deprives the soil of an important natural fertilizer.
5. The forests precede mankind and deserts follow. The world's tropical forests are eroding at the rate of forty to fifty millions acres per year. Also, grasslands and croplands are being converted into deserts and wastelands 

Mr Lester R. Brown in his thought-provoking book, The Global Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems, i.e., fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands form the foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide almost all the raw materials for industry except minerals and petroleum-derived synthetics. It is because of this that fisheries collapse, forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands and croplands deteriorate. In a protein-conscious and protein-hungry world, over-fishing is common. In poor countries, local forests are being demolished in order to procure firewood for cooking. Since tropical forests house various species of life, they face extinction as a result of its destruction.

1. Arab's Contribution in the Field of Science :
(i) The Arabs produced great physicians like Al-Razi and Ibn-Sina who respectively discovered the true nature of smallpox and tuberculosis. They organised hospitals, for the treatment of the infectious diseases.

ii). In Mathematics the Arabs spread the knowledge of numbers and trigonometry in the other regions of the world Omar-Khayyam a great Mathematicians of Arab devised a calendar which is more accurate than the present Christian Calendar.

iii). The Arab astronomers believed that the earth revolves round the sun.

iv). In Chemistry, the Arbs discovered many new compounds like sodium carbonate, silver nitrate, Nitric and sulphuric acids.

The chapter ‘The Portrait of a Lady’ is the story of the author and his grandmother. The grandmother was an old woman with a wrinkled face. The author had always seen her like this, for the past twenty years. She appeared to be so old that he could not imagine her being ‘young and pretty’, someone who had a husband. She was short, fat and slightly bent. The author had seen his grandfather’s portrait- an old man with a turban and a long white beard covering his chest. To the author, his grandfather didn’t seem like a man who could have a wife and children, but someone who could have lots of grandchildren. His grandmother used to move around the house in ‘Spotless White’ with her one hand resting on her waist and her other hand counting the beads of her rosary.

In the initial days, the author and his grandmother had a good relationship. She used to wake him up and get him ready for school. She used to pack the things required by him for the day and walked him to school everyday. She used to visit the temple that was attached to the school. She had a routine of reading the scriptures. The author along with other children sat on the verandah singing alphabets and morning prayers. They both used to come back home together with stray dogs roaming around them as his grandmother would carry the stale chapattis to feed them.

Soon, the parents of the author who went to the city to settle in and called them. As they reached the city, his relationship with his grandmother took a turn. Though they shared the room, there bond grew apart. He started going to an English medium school, she no longer accompanied him to his school, and there were no longer stray dogs who roamed around them while walking back home. She, however, used to ask him about his day and what he had learned. She didn’t understand anything as everything was in another language which she could not understand. She didn’t approve of the new syllabus that he was studying because she thought that they did not teach him about God and the scriptures. They saw less of each other.

As the days passed, he grew older and soon went to the university. He had his own room and this made their relationship sour. She stopped talking to everyone and spent her whole day sitting at her spinning wheel, reciting prayers and moving beads of the rosary with one hand. However, she loved feeding sparrows in the verandah at dawn. Breaking bread into pieces and feeding it to the birds was her daily routine. The birds would sit on her legs, her head, some even on the shoulders.

Soon, the author decided to go abroad for further studies. She came to the railway station to leave him off. She was not sentimental, continuously recited her prayers, her mind lost in the prayers, and she kissed him on the forehead. After five years, as he returnedhome, she was there, came to pick him at the station, was still the same as she had been five years ago. She clasped him within her arms and didn’t say a word. She still used to feed her sparrows.

One day, she didn’t recite her prayers but instead collected the women of the neighbourhood, got a drum and started singing. The next morning, she was ill with mild fever. The doctor said that there was nothing to worry about but she was sure that her end was near.

She didn’t want to waste her time talking to anyone in the family anymore but spend her last hours in reciting her prayers laying on the bed. She died and so her body lay on the bed, lifeless. As they prepared for her funeral, they saw all the sparrows sitting in the verandah around her, mourning her death.

The chapter ‘The Portrait of a Lady’ is the story of the author and his grandmother. The grandmother was an old woman with a wrinkled face. The author had always seen her like this, for the past twenty years. She appeared to be so old that he could not imagine her being ‘young and pretty’, someone who had a husband. She was short, fat and slightly bent. The author had seen his grandfather’s portrait- an old man with a turban and a long white beard covering his chest. To the author, his grandfather didn’t seem like a man who could have a wife and children, but someone who could have lots of grandchildren. His grandmother used to move around the house in ‘Spotless White’ with her one hand resting on her waist and her other hand counting the beads of her rosary.

In the initial days, the author and his grandmother had a good relationship. She used to wake him up and get him ready for school. She used to pack the things required by him for the day and walked him to school everyday. She used to visit the temple that was attached to the school. She had a routine of reading the scriptures. The author along with other children sat on the verandah singing alphabets and morning prayers. They both used to come back home together with stray dogs roaming around them as his grandmother would carry the stale chapattis to feed them.

Soon, the parents of the author who went to the city to settle in and called them. As they reached the city, his relationship with his grandmother took a turn. Though they shared the room, there bond grew apart. He started going to an English medium school, she no longer accompanied him to his school, and there were no longer stray dogs who roamed around them while walking back home. She, however, used to ask him about his day and what he had learned. She didn’t understand anything as everything was in another language which she could not understand. She didn’t approve of the new syllabus that he was studying because she thought that they did not teach him about God and the scriptures. They saw less of each other.

As the days passed, he grew older and soon went to the university. He had his own room and this made their relationship sour. She stopped talking to everyone and spent her whole day sitting at her spinning wheel, reciting prayers and moving beads of the rosary with one hand. However, she loved feeding sparrows in the verandah at dawn. Breaking bread into pieces and feeding it to the birds was her daily routine. The birds would sit on her legs, her head, some even on the shoulders.

Soon, the author decided to go abroad for further studies. She came to the railway station to leave him off. She was not sentimental, continuously recited her prayers, her mind lost in the prayers, and she kissed him on the forehead. After five years, as he returnedhome, she was there, came to pick him at the station, was still the same as she had been five years ago. She clasped him within her arms and didn’t say a word. She still used to feed her sparrows.

One day, she didn’t recite her prayers but instead collected the women of the neighbourhood, got a drum and started singing. The next morning, she was ill with mild fever. The doctor said that there was nothing to worry about but she was sure that her end was near.

She didn’t want to waste her time talking to anyone in the family anymore but spend her last hours in reciting her prayers laying on the bed. She died and so her body lay on the bed, lifeless. As they prepared for her funeral, they saw all the sparrows sitting in the verandah around her, mourning her death.

P= x

A=2x

T= 6years

Step-by-step explanation:

SI= A-P

=2x- x

= x

SI=P*R*T/100

=x*r*6/100

R = 100/6

P = x

A = 4x

SI = 3x

SI = PRT/100

= x*100*T/ 6*100

= 18 years

18 YEARS

ANSWER:

Dates and facts are elements of information that are dependent on content. Albert felt there was no point in studying dates and details because first of all, these could be decided by just looking them up from the books at any time. Secondly, learning facts was not education for him.

पार्थिव ग्रह पृथ्वी की भाँति ही शैलों और धातुओं से बने हैं और अपेक्षाकृत अधिक घनत्व वाले हैं। जनक तारे के बहुत नजदीक होने के कारण और अत्यधिक तापमान के कारण इन ग्रहों की गैसें संघनित नहीं हो पाईं और घनीभूत भी न हो सकी। छोटे होने के कारण इनकी गुरुत्वाकर्षण शक्ति भी कम रही, जिसके। फलस्वरूप इनसे निकली हुई गैसें इन पर रुक नहीं सकीं। पहले चार ग्रह बुध, शुक्र, पृथ्वी और मंगल पार्थिव ग्रह कहे जाते हैं।

1. Responsibility towards shareholders:
(i) To ensure a fair and regular return on the investment of shareholders.
(ii) To ensure the safety of their investment
(iii) To strengthen financial position of the company.
(iv) To safeguard the assets of the business.
(v) To protect the interest of all types of investors in the business.

2. Responsibility Towards workers:
(i) Providing fair compensation and benefits,
(ii) Providing good and safe Working conditions,
(iii) To develop a sense of belongingness.

3. Responsibility toward consumers:
(i) To supply right quality of goods & services at reasonable prices.
(ii) To ensure regular and adequate supply of products.
(iii) To inform them about new products and new uses of existing products.
(iv) To handle the customers grievance promptly.

4. Responsibility Towards Government –
(i) To pay taxes honestly
(ii) To observe rules laid down by the government,
(iii) to avoid corrupting government employees.

5. Responsibility towards community –
(i) To make available opportunities for employment,
(ii) To avoid polluting the environment,
(iii) To up lift the weaker sections of society

The Indian President is the head of the state. He is the first citizen of India and is a symbol of solidarity, unity, and integrity of the nation. He is a part of Union Executive along with the Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Attorney-General of India.

Mr Ramnath Kovind is the 14th president of India in person.