India and Pakistan both have followed a similar developmental strategy. The main similarities between the developmental strategies can be summed up as: 

i. India and Pakistan both have started their developmental programmes based on economic planning soon after their independence in 1947.

ii. Both the countries relied on the public sector for initiating the process of growth and development. 

iii. Both of them have followed the path of mixed economic structure involving the participation of both the state as well as the private sector. 

iv. Both of them introduced economic reforms at the same time to strengthen their economies. 

The Great Leap Forward (GLF) was a campaign initiated in 1958 in China. The aims of this campaign are as follows:

1. The aim of the campaign was to initiate large scale industrialisation in the country concentrating not only in the urban areas but also in the rural ones. 
2. The people in the urban areas were motivated to set up industries in their backyards.
3. In the rural areas, Commune System was implemented. Under this system, people were engaged in collective farming. 

AB blood group has the least overall percentage frequency (2.7%). Our results revealed a marginal difference between the overall percentage frequencies of blood groups A and B (23.1% and 21.3%, respectively). In all the three sample sites, the percentage frequency of B group was higher than that of A group in female. AB negative donations are extremely versatile, but because it is the rarest blood type finding new donors can be a challenge. Plasma from AB negative donations can help treat patients of all blood types, however fresh frozen plasma is only produced from male donations.

The copying of DNA during reproduction is important because:

• The replication of DNA ensures that each daughter cell formed at the end of cell division, receives equal amount of DNA.
• If DNA won't be copied then the daughter cells won't receive all necessary genes.
• There may be absence of important proteins which are encoded by DNA, if DNA won't be replicated.
• Copying of DNA may result in recombination which will lead to evolution.
• Transfer of genetic material from one generation to other makes the organisms to have similar functions.
• Stability of population is maintained.

Indian Railways strike of 1974 is a saga of heroism of ordinary railway workers and their families who dared to stand up against the might of the Indian state. It is the most widespread revolt by the working class in independent India and the biggest strike in the history of Indian Railway. How many of us know about this heroic story of the ordinary railwaymen resisting terror unleashed by the Indira Gandhi regime?Indian Railways strike of 1974 The strike commenced on 8 May 1974. The strike was brutally suppressed by government with thousands being sent to jail and losing their jobs. The strike was called off on 27 May 1974. The 1974 strike forced political parties across the spectrum to spell out their stand clearly. The strike also provided a stunning launch pad to mass appeal for those like George Fernandes who, as the president of the All India Railwaymen's Federation (AIRF), was the main leader of the strike. Although portrayed as a failure, the strike achieved later what it sought to achieve then.

) In China, due to topographic and climatic conditions, the area suitable for cultivation is relatively small — only about 10 per cent of its total land area. The total cultivable area in China accounts for 40 per cent of the cultivable area in India. Until the 1980s, more than 80 per cent of the people in China were dependent on farming as their sole source of livelihood. (b) Since then, the government encouraged people to leave their fields and pursue other activities such as handicrafts, commerce and transport. In 2014–15, with 28 per cent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, its contribution to the GDP in China is 9 per cent. (c) In both India and Pakistan, the contribution of agriculture to GDP were 17 and 25 per cent, respectively, but the proportion of workforce that works in this sector is more in India. In Pakistan, about 43 per cent of people work in agriculture, whereas, in India, it is 50 per cent. (d) The sectoral share of output and employment also shows that in all three economies, the industry and service sectors have less proportion of workforce but contribute more in terms of output. In China, manufacturing and service sectors contribute the highest to GDP at 43 and 48 per cent, respectively whereas in India and Pakistan, it is the service sector which contributes the highest by more than 50 per cent of GDP. In the normal course of development, countries first shift their employment and output from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services. (f) This is what is happening in China as can be seen from Table. The proportion of workforce engaged in manufacturing in India and Pakistan were low at 21 and 23 per cent respectively. The contribution of industries to GDP is at 30 per cent in India and 21 per cent in Pakistan. (g) In these countries, the shift is taking place directly to the service sector. Thus, in both India and Pakistan, the service sector is emerging as a major player of development. It contributes more to GDP and, at the same time, emerges as a prospective employer. If we look at the proportion of workforce in the1980s, Pakistan was faster in shifting its workforce to service sector than India and China. (h) India, China and Pakistan employed 17, 12 and 27 per cent of its workforce in the service sector respectively. In 2014, it has reached the level of 29, 43 and 34 per cent, respectively. (i) In the last three decades, the growth of agriculture sector, which employs the largest proportion of workforce in all the three countries, has declined. In the industrial sector, China has maintained a near double-digit growth rate whereas for India and Pakistan growth rate has declined. (j) In case of service sector, China was able to raise its rate of growth during 1980–2015, while India and Pakistan stagnated with its service sector growth. Thus, China’s growth is mainly contributed by the manufacturing and service sectors and India’s growth by the service sector

he important demographic indicators of Indian, China and Pakistan are tabulated as below.

             Demographic Indicators, 2000-01

The important demographic indicators are as follows:

a) Total Population: China is the largest populated country in the world followed by India. The above table depicts that China’s population in 2000-01 was approximately 1303.7 million and that of India and Pakistan was 1103.6 million and 162.4 million respectively.

b)Annual Growth Rate of Population: Although China is the largest populated country but a strong positive point for China is that, its annual growth rate of population is just 1% per annum while that of India and Pakistan is 1.7% and 2.5% per annum. With such a high growth rate it would not be wrong to expect that in the forthcoming decades India will surpass the total population of China.

c)Density of Population: In spite of the fact that China is highly populated and geographically occupying the largest area among the three nations, its density of population is the lowest. It is as low as 138 persons per square kilometer of area compared to 358 and 193 persons in India and Pakistan respectively. Lower the degree of density of population the lower is the pressure on the country’s natural resources and higher is the probability of sustainable development.

d)*** Ratio: This ratio counts the number of females per 1000 males. The *** ratios in all the three countries are almost same with China having a marginally higher *** ratio of 937 females per 1000 males. This depicts the low economic and social status of women in India and Pakistan.

e)Fertility Rate: This rate refers to the number of children a woman gives birth to during her lifetime. China enjoys an upper hand in this case. The fertility rate of Chinese woman is only 1.8 whereas those of India and Pakistan are 3.0 and 5.1. This implies that in India and Pakistan a woman usually gives birth to approximately 3 and 5 children. This is the most important concern for both India and Pakistan, as with such a high fertility rate, population in the coming decades will surpass that of China.

f)Urbanisation: Lastly, China is comparatively more urbanised than India and Pakistan. The rate of urbanisation in China is 36.1% while that in India and Pakistan is 27.8% and 33.4% respectively.  The degree of urbanisation depicts the standard and quality of living of people of a particular country. Also, this confirms the shift in the economic structure of an economy. Higher degree of urbanisation reveals higher industrialisation and development of tertiary sector in the economy.

Thus to sum up, although China is the largest populated country but its other demographic indicators are stronger than those of both India and Pakistan. It would not be wrong to expect a decline in China’s population in the coming decades due to implementation of various policy measures and also due to low annual growth rate of population.

Rightward shift in PPC indicates either advancement of technology or increase in the availability of the resources. increase in resources or improvement in technology.

संसार के महानतम् अभिनेता चार्ली चैप्लिन के बारे में रचित इस निबंध में चार्ली के अभिनय की आधारभूत विशेषताओं के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारियां दी हैं। चार्ली के अभिनय में हास्य और करुणा का मिश्रित संतुलन ही उन्हें आम जनता के अपने कष्टों और दुखों तक ले जाता है। इस तरह वे अभिनय के माध्यम से आम जन से सीधे जुड़ाव करते हैं।

चार्ली के जीवन के एक सौ तीस साल पूरे हो चुके हैं, और उनकी फिल्में बच्चों से लेकर बूढ़ों तक लगातार अपनी लोकप्रियता बनाये हुए हैं। उनकी पहली फिल्म थी, ‘मेकिंग ए लिविंग’ उसे बने हुए भी सौ साल से ज्यादा हो रहे हैं।

चार्ली की फिल्मों का मूल बुद्धि पर नहीं, भावनाओं और मनुष्यता पर टिका हुआ है। उनकी फिल्मों की सबसे बड़ी उपलब्धि तो यही है कि उन्हें पागलखाने के मरीज, साधारण जन और आइंस्टीन जैसे महान प्रतिभावान एक साथ देख सकते हैं और उसका आनंद ले सकते हैं।

चार्ली ने फिल्म कला को लोकतांत्रिक बनाया और दर्शकों की वर्ग तथा वर्ण व्यवस्था को भी तोड़ा। चार्ली के बचपन की कुछ घटनाओं ने उनके जीवन पर गहरा प्रभाव डाला। उनमें से एक यह है, कि जब वे बीमार थे, तब उनकी मां ने उन्हें ईसा मसीह के जीवन के बारे में पढ़कर सुनाया था। उससे उन्हें स्नेह, करुणा और मानवता के गुणों को ग्रहण किया था।

करुणा को हास्य में और हास्य को करुणा में बदल देने वाले वे एकमात्र अभिनेता हैं। भारतीय फिल्मों और अभिनेताओं पर भी चार्ली का खासा असर देखा जा सकता है। राजकपूर तो जीवन भर चार्ली से ही प्रेरित रहे। चार्ली की अधिकतर फिल्में मूक हैं। भाषा से परे। इसीलिये उन्हें ज्यादा से ज्यादा मानवीय होना पड़ा। मानवीयता की भाषा ने ही चार्ली को विश्व भर के दर्शकों तक पहुंचाया। चार्ली की फिल्में आम आदमी की विविध असफलताओं को दिखाती हैं, जो कि असल में उसकी असफलताएं नहीं हैं, बल्कि एक क्रूरतावादी सभ्यता के आगे लाचार हो गये आम आदमी का कड़वा सच हैं।

इस आम आदमी के साथ खड़े चार्ली सदा अमर रहेंगे।

A coach organises amateur and professional athletes and teaches them the fundamentals of a sport. To become a sports coach the qualification required is 12th pass with Physical Education as of one the majors.  Thorough knowledge of sports is required to be a coach and the skill sets required are:  (a) Expert at playing any particular sports  (b) Good organisational skill and be supportive  (c) Leadership qualities with endearing attitude  (d) Good communication skills to boost students  (e) Good analytical skills  (f) Great physical stamina, aware of techniques to be fit  To pursue a career as coach in sports, the requirement is to be a senior or former player in any particular sports. Some institute also offers diploma course in sports coaching after graduation preferablyerably in sports subject. A well accomplished coach can open his academy for coaching. Most coaches worked for educational institutions, including high schools and colleges. Others work for community organisations. Professional teams also employ coaches.Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/216964/elucidate-the-coaching-career-in-detail

The format cell dialog box in excel gives the user, the option to apply formatting features

• The format cell dialogue box can be accessed via cell option on the ribbon ---> format cell.

• It can also be accessed by right clicking on the cell and choosing the option format cell.

• The format cell dialogue box consists of the tabs: number, alignment, font,border, fill, and protection.

• The format cell dialogue box is a powerful feature of excel and can be used to format cells, rows and columns.

To know more about format cell dialogue box, visit

A few such similarities in their development strategies are as follows: All three countries, India, Pakistan and China began towards their economic development at the same time. In addition, India and Pakistan attained independence in the year 1947. However, China was an independent economy in the year 1949. Economic reforms took place in all the three countries. Reforms started in India in 1991, in China in 1978 and in Pakistan in 1988. Economic reforms took place in all the three countries. Reforms started in India in 1991, in China in 1978 and in Pakistan in 1988.

Crop option allows a user to edit pictures (only cropping).

Chinese Development Strategies

• China is a unique blend of market and command economy, but the market is gaining importance
• For many years China has practiced export-led growth with exports exceeding 40% of GDP
• Investment has been a huge growth driver – it was 46% of GDP in 2010. By comparison, Japan in its 1970s boom topped out at 36%, while Korea's share peaked at 39% in the 1990s.
• The surplus on the balance of payments current account has fallen from over 10% of GDP in 2007 to less than 6% in 2011
• Korea, Japan, Germany and Switzerland run trade surpluses with China because they are able to export the high-value manufactured items, particularly investment goods, China needs
• The emphasis of China's growth policy is changing. A quote from Premier Wen Jiabao is central to this - 'China's economy needs to be put on the path of endogenous growth driven by innovation'