We know that the number written as sum of the place-values of its digits is called the expanded form of a number.

In expanded form of a number, the number is shown according to the place values of its digits.

In 2385, the place values of the digits are given below:

<a href="https://www.math-only-math.com/images/expanded-form-of-a-number.jpg" rel="gallery[pageGallery]" title="Standard Form and Expanded Form"></a>

Hence, 2385 = 2000 + 300 + 80 + 5

Thus, 2000 + 300 + 80 + 5 is the expanded form of 2385.

Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who are visibly employed but are actually unemployed. This situation is also known as 'hidden unemployment'. In such a situation more people are engaged in a work than required. For example:
1. In rural areas, this type of unemployment is generally found in agricultural sector like - in a family of 9 people all are engaged in the same agricultural plot. But if 4 people are withdrawn from it there will be no reduction in output. So, these 4 people are actually facing disguised unemployment.
2. In urban areas, this type of unemployment can be seen mostly in service sectors such as in a family all members are engaged in one petty shop or a small business which can be managed by less number of persons.

The situation of underemployment is referred to the situation when people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but is actually not working.

Example

(i) In rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of income, this kind of unemployment can be seen often. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it and instead five people are working on it, then the two extra people are said to be in a situation of disguised unemployment.

(i) In cities and urban areas, disguised unemployment is seen when painters, plumbers, electricians are unable to find work on a daily basis and work way less than their potential.

Forfeited shares can be reissued as fully paid at a par, premium or discount. In this, it may be noted that the amount of discount allowed cannot exceed the amount that had been received on forfeited shares at the time of initial issue.

The man divided his wealth between his two sons because his younger son wanted that share of the wealth, which was due to him via inheritance after the man’s death. The father also agreed to the partition because he knew that the son would go away from him and squander all his wealth. He wanted his son to come back to him.

The man divided his wealth between his two sons because his younger son wanted that share of the wealth, which was due to him via inheritance after the man’s death. The father also agreed to the partition because he knew that the son would go away from him and squander all his wealth. He wanted his son to come back to him.

a N S W E R
A s s a m
Bihu is the main festival of Assam. It is celebrated three times a year. Rongali or Bohag Bihu is observed in April.

Bihu is the main festival of Assam. It is celebrated three times a year. Rongali or Bohag Bihu is observed in April. Kongali or Kati Bihu observed in October and Bhogali or Magh Bihu observed in January.

According to the Companies Act 2013, there are some laws about the utilization of the Securities Premium Account. It states the specific purposes for which this balance may be used. So the account can only be used for such specific purposes and no other purpose.

To issue fully paid-up bonus shares to its existing shareholders. However, you cannot exceed the limit of the unissued share capital of the company.

Securities premium Account can be used for writing off any preliminary expenses of the company.

To write off expenses of issue of shares and debentures, such as commission paid or discount given on the issue of shares.

The balance can also be used to provide for the premium that is payable on the redemption of debentures or of preference shares of the company.

And finally, it can be utilized by the company to buy back its own shares.

The amount of securities premium can be utilised for the following purposes:

1) For writing-off the preliminary expenses of the company.

2) For writing-off the expenses of, or the commission paid or discount allowed on, any issue of shares or debentures of the company.

3) For paying up the premium payable on redemption of redeemable preference shares or debentures of the company.

 Face: Face is also known as sides. A cube has six faces and all the faces of a cube are square in shapes. Each face has four equal sides.

The author's Grandmother is a lady who is very spiritual and is a lady not accustomed to the Modern Techniques, styles and way of life. She has a kind heart and is very kind to animals. She is very much accustomed to the Village Way of Life. She is the frequent visitor of the temple. Her view and perspective of music is that it is the monopoly of harlots.

The plants around us that need regular watering are as follows:

1. Plants with large or very thin leaves
2. Plants in a warm, dry and sunny location
3. A large plant in a small pot
4. Flowering plants and rapidly growing plants
5. Plants growing in clay pots as compared to those growing in plastic pots

Examples: Tulsi, tomatoes etc.

“Hi” in Japanese – やあ！ (Ya-)
“Hello” in Japanese – こんにちは (Konnichiwa)
“My Name is” in Japanese – 名前は＿＿＿です。(Namae wa ____ desu.)

The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander by his own troops in 235, initiating a 50-year period during which there were at least 26 claimants to the title of emperor, mostly prominent Roman army generals, who assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire. The same number of men became accepted by the Roman Senate as emperor during this period and so became legitimate emperors.

1. Practice concentration: Maths and Physics terms and formulas require intense focus and deep concentration to get absorbed into the mind. So you need to work on your concentration level to get all complicated or lengthy formulas stick to your mind.

2. Relax your brain: Maths and Physics problems can never be learned under stress as a stressed brain loses its work potential and finds it difficult to work on complex things. So you need to first relax your mind. By doing this, you will be able to focus more on your task.

3. Practice as much as you can: This may sound like an obvious point, but the more you practice using the formulas you need to know, the more likely you are to remember the same. List down all important formulas on a sheet and whenever you are free, glance at them once. After all, repetition leads to memorization.

4. Minimize your reference checks: Many students think that once they take a glance at a formula, it is in their mind, but the next morning when they try to recall the same, they are shocked to realize that the formula leaked out during the night. To avoid such situation, try to practice solving a problem with the formula without looking it up.

5. Understand the basic concept of the formula: Try to clear your basic concepts before moving ahead with the formulas. This will help you understand the sense of the formula.

For example: In the formula, a = F / m, where acceleration (a) is expressed in terms of Force (F) and mass (m), F is on the top of the fraction. This makes sense, since if you exert more force on an object, it will speed up more quickly. Whereas, mass is on the bottom of the fraction, which means the speed of the object will decrease, since more mass means more inertia thus making the object more difficult to accelerate.

6. Keep away with all distractions: Not only the gadgets you use need to be talked under this heading, but your physical desires like hunger, thirst, drowsiness, etc., also need to be kept away.

7. Learn the derivation of every formula. Derivation of a formula will help you familiarise with the roots and concepts of that formula which can help you retain the same for long time in your brain. Moreover, when you derive a formula, you come across a number of other formulas. That way you can memorize just the bare minimum number of formulae that you need to derive the rest from.

8. Use memorising tricks: Try to create a story that involves everything you are trying to learn. The sequence of a story can help you to remember things in a particular order.

For example: To learn the trigonometric ratios;  P/H = sin, B/H = cos, P/B = tan, you can use a phrase “pandit badri prasad har har bole sona chandi tole” and then set the words like: 

Work out on more of such phrases that can help you recall the long-complicated formulas.

Thus all the tips and tricks given above if followed wisely, will definitely help you master Maths and Physics, getting you an awesome score in your board exams.

EXTRA KNOWLEDGE

Bacteria

They are very small,single-celled micro-organism which have cell wall but do not have an organises nucleus and other structures.

For Example:Lactobacillus,Rhizobium.

Some of the diseases cause by bacteria are cholera,typhoid,tuberculosis,diphtheria etc.

Viruses

They are the smallest micro-organism which can develop only inside the cells of the host organism .

Viruses can reproduce and multiply only inside the cells of other organism .They are the agents of diseases.

The diseases caused by virus are common cold, influenza,measles,polio,chicken pox,small pox etc.

For Example:HIV(Human Immuno deficiency) virus causes AIDS, Common cold virus, Corona (COVID-19)

Bacteria

They are very small,single-celled micro-organism which have cell wall but do not have an organises nucleus and other structures.

For Example:Lactobacillus,Rhizobium.

Some of the diseases cause by bacteria are cholera,typhoid,tuberculosis,diphtheria etc.

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Groups of Micro-organism

Last Updated on <time>June 30, 2020</time> By <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://classnotes.org.in/author/mrs-shilpi-nagpal/" rel="author">Mrs Shilpi Nagpal</a> <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#respond">Leave a Comment</a>

Question 1 What is the name of micro-organism which reproduce only inside the living cells of other organism?

Question 2 What are the major groups of micro-organism?

Question 3 Name any 2 diseases caused by bacteria?

Question 4 Name any 2 diseases caused by virus?

Question 5 Name any 2 diseases caused by algae?

Question 6 Name any 2 diseases caused by fungi?

Question 7 Name any 2 diseases caused by protozoa?

Question 8 What is the full form of HIV?Name the disease caused by HIV?

Question 9 Name any 2 bacteria?

Question 10 Name any 2 virus?

Question 11 Name any 2 fungi?

Question 12 Name any 2 protozoa?

Question 13 Name any 2 algae?

• <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://classnotes.org.in/ncert-solutions/class-8/science/">NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science</a>

Contents [<a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#">hide</a>]

• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Groups_of_micro-organism">1 Groups of micro-organism</a>
• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Bacteria">2 Bacteria</a>
• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Viruses">3 Viruses</a>
• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Protozoa">4 Protozoa</a>
• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Algae">5 Algae</a>
• <a href="https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/micro-organismfriend-and-foe/groups-of-micro-organism/#Fungi">6 Fungi</a>

Groups of micro-organism

Micro-organism are classified into 5 major groups:

1)Bacteria

2)Viruses

3)Protozoa

4)Algae

5)Fungi

Bacteria

They are very small,single-celled micro-organism which have cell wall but do not have an organises nucleus and other structures.

For Example:Lactobacillus,Rhizobium.

Some of the diseases cause by bacteria are cholera,typhoid,tuberculosis,diphtheria etc.

Viruses

They are the smallest micro-organism which can develop only inside the cells of the host organism .

Viruses can reproduce and multiply only inside the cells of other organism .They are the agents of diseases.

The diseases caused by virus are common cold, influenza,measles,polio,chicken pox,small pox etc.

For Example:HIV(Human Immuno deficiency) virus causes AIDS, Common cold virus, Corona (COVID-19)

Due to following reasons the demand deposits are considered as money
(i) Demand deposits can be withdrawn from the bank whenever it is required.
(ii) They are widely accepted as a means of payment, along with the currency, thus they aqre considered as money.
(iii) They are accepted widely as means of payment by way of a cheque instead of cash.

1. The first method advocates the use of mosquito nets and mosquito repellent such as permethrin to prevent mosquitoes from biting.
2. The second form of treatment uses a chemical called Quinine present in the bark of a cinchona tree. A form of drug chloroquine has proven very effective against malaria even though it is not a vaccine.

Administration of AAHPER motor Fitness Test:- The test is administered on school student of around 17 years of age. It includes.

(a) Pull up for boys

(b) Sit-up

(c) Shuttle run

(d) Standing long jump

(e) 50 mts. dash

(f) 600 Years run/walk

Detailed Answer :

AAPHERD stands for American Alliance for Health Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. In 1965, AAPHER led to the collection of wide ranging records or data and revision of the national norms. The following test items are included in this test battery.

(a) Pull-ups (for boys ) or flexed arm hangs (for girls).

(b) Sit ups to a maximum of 50 (for girls) and 100 for boys.

(c) Shuttle Run.

(d) Standing Broad Jump.

(e) 50 yard dash.

(f) Six hundred yard run/walk.

(g) Softball throw for distance.

In 1976, AAPHER Youth Fitness Test was again revised and the following changes were made :

(a) The softball throw test item was deleted. (b) Fixed number of straight leg sit ups test was changed to bent knee sit-ups performed in 60 seconds.

(c) 600 yard run/walk was made optional and the individuals could opt for their 600 yard run/walk or 9 minute run/walk or 1 mile (for ages 10-12) run/walk i.e., 12 minute run/walk (for ages 13 and above). After the revision of AAPHER Youth fitness test in 1976 or 1.5 mile run/walk, following items were finalized in this test battery.

(a) Pull ups (for boys) flexed arm hang (for girls)

(b) Bent knee sit ups

(c) Shuttle sum

(d) Standing board jump

(e) 50 yard dash

(f) 600 yard or 9 min run/walk

(a) Pull ups

Purpose : To measure arm and shoulder strength.

Procedure : The bar is adjusted according to the height of the boy. The bar is held with his palms facing away from him. He is then asked to raise his body so that the chin reaches the level of the bar. One score is awarded for each pull up. One trial is given before the start of the test. Flexed Arm Hang (for girls)

Purpose : To measure arm and shoulder strength.

Procedure : The bar is adjusted according to the standing height of the girl. The bar is held with over hand grasp. The girl lifts her body up with the assistance of testing personnel so that her chin reaches the bar level. The time in seconds she holds the bar, is taken as her score.

(b) Flexed leg sit ups :

Purpose : To measure abdominal strength and endurance.

Procedure : The youth is asked to lie on the floor on his/her back keeping knees bent. The angle of the knees should be around 90°. The feet are held by the partner, the youth puts hand behind the head with fingers interlocked. Then the youth curls up and touches the elbow to knees. The score is counted as maximum number of sit ups in 60 sec.

(c) Shuttle Run :

Purpose : To measure speed and agility Procedure : Two parallel lines are marked 30 feet apart and two wooden blocks 2× 2 × 4 inches are kept on one side of a marked line. The youth stands behind the line opposite to the line where wooden blocks are placed. At the start signal, youth runs towards the wooden blocks and picks up one of them, carrying it to the line from where the test started. The youth then runs and similarly lifts the other block and places it at the starting line. 

(d) Standing Broad Jump :

Purpose : To measure power Procedure : The youth is asked to stand behind the restraining line with feet apart and he/she bends the knee and swinging arm before jumping. The youth lands on both the feet together. The distance from take-off line to the heel is measured in inches. The best of three trials is recorded as the final score.

(e) 50 yard dash :

Purpose : To measure speed Procedure : The youth is asked to run 50 yards and the time is recorded nearest to one-tenths of a second.

(f) 600 yard run/walk :

Purpose : To measure endurance Procedure : The youth is asked to run/walk for 600 yards and the time is recorded in minutes and seconds.

1. Regular Exercise: It is the most important factor which affects the physical fitness of an individual.
2. Amount of Training: The amount of training also affects the physical fitness. If the amount of training is not upto desirable level, he will be incapable of improving his physical fitness. It should be increased slowly.
3. Rest and Relaxation: It also affect the physical fitness of an individual. If proper rest and relaxation are taken, there will be positive effect on the physical fitness of an individual.
4. Stress and Tension: It tends to have a negative effect on physical fitness and wellness. Stress and Tension decreases the psychological power of an individual.
5. Age: It is also one of the major factors which affect the physical fitness and wellness of an individual.
6. Gender: It also affects the level of physical fitness and wellness. Infact, there is an anatomical, physiological, and psychological difference between males and females.
7. Environment: The environment, which includes climate, temperature, altitude, social, and cultural factors affect the physical fitness and wellness of a person.
8. Diet: It also influences the level of physical fitness and wellness. Good diet helps not only in maintaining the physical fitness but it also improves the level of physical fitness.

Q u e s t i o n : What kind of special food is cooked?
A n s w e r: Sweets, pulao, puri, five types of vegetables were cooked on the eve of marriage/ wedding