Based on scientific and mathematical conclusions, the dipole moment magnitude is the product of either of the charges and the separation distance (d) between them. Do remember that, the dipole moment is a vector measure whose direction runs from negative to a positive charge.

The formula for electric dipole moment for a pair of equal & opposite charges is p = qd, the magnitude of the charges multiplied by the distance between the two.

Yasmin Khala was a Municipal Corporation employee.

“Sharing of power between states and the centre governments is the basic to the structure of the Constitution of India”, because without this division of power it will be impossible to coexist in a diverse country like India. The states are significant parts of the union and the jurisdiction of both the state and union overlap at many areas, hence it is important to demarcate the boundaries , which are effectively done by the Constitution in India.
The Constitution clearly provided a three–fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
(i)  Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
(ii)  State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List. This allows the constitution to avoid any conflict of power and clear jurisdictions. 

GST stands for "Goods and Services Tax", and is proposed to be a comprehensive indirect tax levy on the manufacture, sale and consumption of goods as well as services at the national level. It will replace all indirect taxes levied on goods and services by the Indian Central and State governments. The Goods and Services Tax, or GST is a major indirect tax reform introduced in India by integrating the major indirect taxes of the centre and states. It is a comprehensive tax levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services. The GST is a destination based consumption tax made on value addition.

The terms of trade (TOT) is the relative price of exports in terms of imports and is defined as the ratio of export prices to import prices. It can be interpreted as the amount of import goods an economy can purchase per unit of export goods. Terms of trade (TOT) is a measure of how much imports an economy can get for a unit of exported goods. • Since, economies typically export and import many goods, measuring the TOT requires defining price indices for exported and imported goods and comparing the two.

Main Documents Used In Internal Trade
The following are the main documents used in the Internal trade.
1. Invoice – In case of credit purchases, a statement is supplied by the seller of goods in which he gives particulars of goods purchased by buyer such as quantity, quality, rate, total value, sales tax, trade discount, etc. It is also called a Bill or Memo. Buyer gets information all about the amount he has to pay to the seller from Invoice only.

2. Pro-Forma Invoice – The statement (or forwarding letter) containing the details of goods consigned from consigner to consignee is known as aPro-forma Invoice. It gives the particulars as regards quantity, quality, price and expenses incurred on the goods consigned. In case of consignment, consignee is an agent of consigner who is supposed to sell goods on behalf of consigner and this statement/proforma invoice is only for his information. It is also known as interim invoice.

3. Debit Note – It refers to a letter or note which is sent by the buyer to the seller stating that his (seller’s) account has been debited by the amount mentioned in note on account of goods returned herewith. It states the quantity, rate, value and the reasons for the return of goods.

4. Credit Note – It refers to a letter or note which is sent by the seller to the buyer stating that his account has been credited by the mentioned amount on account of acceptance of his claim about the goods returned by him.

5. Lorry Receipt – It refers to a receipt issued by the Transport Company for goods accepted by it for sending from one place to another. It is also known as Transport Receipt (TR) and Bilty.

6. Railway Receipt – It refers to a receipt issued by the Railways for goods accepted for sending from one station to another.

Nervous system consists of special cells called nerve cells or neurons. It has a main cell body called cyton. It gives out many processes called dendrites. From it a very long process is given out. It is called axon or nerve fibre.
The cell body has a nucleus. The dendrites get the message from the organs and send this message to the axon through the cell body. Then the axon sends the message to muscles to contrast or to the gland for secretion.

The neurons make contact with one another through their processes. The axon at its end branches and meets the dendrites of another neuron. The meeting point is called synapse. The message is passed on from one axon to the dendrites of another neuron. How the message goes ? It is like this:
Organ → Message goes to dendrites →Cell body → Axon → Muscles or  glands

Nervous system consists of special cells called nerve cells or neurons. It has a main cell body called cyton. It gives out many processes called dendrites. From it a very long process is given out. It is called axon or nerve fibre.

The cell body has a nucleus. The dendrites get the message from the organs and send this message to the axon through the cell body. Then the axon sends the message to muscles to contrast or to the gland for secretion.

The neurons make contact with one another through their processes. The axon at its end branches and meets the dendrites of another neuron. The meeting point is called synapse. The message is passed on from one axon to the dendrites of another neuron. How the message goes ? It is like this:
Organ → Message goes to dendrites →Cell body → Axon → Muscles or  glands

A chain store is a group of similar retail shops that sell the same type of goods. All these shops or branches are under the control of the head office. Branches are opened in different parts of the city or even in different parts of the country.

Advantages of Chain Stores

1. Chain stores specialize in a particular product.

2. Such stores can cater to the needs of people in different localities.

3. Central location and luxurious premises are not required for chain stores.

Disadvantages of Chain Stores

1. As chain stores deal only in a particular item, they may not attract many customers.

2. The head office may find it difficult to exercise control over a number of retail outlets/branches established throughout the city/country.

3. The central office also has to maintain the relevant accounts in respect of every shop and this again is a tedious process.

4. The product quality, price etc., are decided by the controlling office. The retail shops have to sell what is supplied to them.

Supply and demand, in economics, relationship between the quantity of a commodity that producers wish to sell at various prices and the quantity that consumers wish to buy. ... The resulting price is referred to as the equilibrium price and represents an agreement between producers and consumers of the good. Supply refers to the amount of goods that are available. Demand refers to how many people want those goods. When supply of a product goes up, the price of a product goes down and demand for the product can rise because it costs loss. At some point, too much of a demand for the product will cause the supply to diminish.

As federalism has two or more levels of governments it has dual objectives.

(i) to safeguard and promote unity of the country.

(ii) and to accommodate regional diversity.

=> These two aspects are crucial for the institution and practice of federalism. The government at different levels should agree to some rules of power sharing.

=> They should also trust that each would abide by its part of agreement.

Hence, an ideal federal system has both aspects i.e., • Mutual trust and • Agreement to live together

Realism, in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised many artistic currents in different civilizations. The movement aimed to focus on unidealized subjects and events that were previously rejected in art work. Realist works depicted people of all classes in situations that arise in ordinary life, and often reflected the changes brought by the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions.  Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama typical of the Romantic movement. In favor of depictions of real life, Realist painters often depicted common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works.