1) Nationalism arose in people of India, which raised the demand of sovereignty and own Constitution.

2)Draft of Constitution was prepared in 1928 by Motilal Nehru and his companions which reflected the belief and ideology of Indians.

3) In 1935, the Indian National Congress officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution of India 

4) Constituent Assembly was constituted in 1946 and was entrusted with the responsibility of preparing India's own Constitution.

5) After the Independence, the Assembly was made fully Sovereign body, the partition raised the demand of sovereign recognition of State, the Constituent Assembly adopted Constitution on November 26, 1949.

Malware is a broader term for several types of malicious codes created by cybercriminals for preying on online users. Malware is the singly coined word for the words, “Malicious Software”. Examples of malware include viruses, worms, adware, ransomware, Trojan virus, and spywares.

Types of Malware

• Computer Virus

• Spyware

• Adware

• Rootkit

• Trojan Horse

• Worm

• Ransomware

• Keylogger

• Botnet

1. Parent Material: It is deposited by streams or derived from in-situ weathering. In this stage, soil inherits many properties like mineral composition, color, particle size, and chemical elements. For example- Black soil-derives its colour from lava rock

2. Climate: It is one of the important factors in the formation of soil because it affects the rate of weathering of the parent rock.

3. Parent Material: It is deposited by streams or derived from in-situ weathering. In this stage, soil inherits many properties like mineral composition, color, particle size, and chemical elements. For example- Black soil-derives its colour from lava rock

4 Climate: It is one of the important factors in the formation of soil because it affects the rate of weathering of the parent rock.

2.5 = 25/10 = 5/2

(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. Since globalization leads to movement of goods, services, people and technology across nations, developing countries are likely to become at par with developed countries in terms of technological development.

Eyes are the sense organs which give us the sense of vision. The human eye is almost spherical in shape. Following are the main structures in the human eye.

Cornea: The eyeball is covered with a tough layer. This layer is transparent on the front. This transparent portion is called cornea.

Iris: Iris is a thin circular structure. It works like the shutter of a camera. It controls the amount of light entering the eye. The colour of iris imparts distinct colour to the eyes of an individual. A person with blue iris has blue eyes.

Pupil: There is a hole in the centre of iris. This is called pupil. Light enters the eye through the pupil. When the light is bright, iris contracts and thus allows less light into the eye. When the light is dim, iris dilates and thus allows more light into the eye.

Lens: Lens is present behind the pupil. The lens in the human eye is a convex lens. The size and thickness of the lens change as per the distance of an object.

Retina: Retina is at the back of the eye and marks the inner layer of the eyeball. Images are formed on the retina and thus it works like a screen. There are photosensitive cells in the retina. These cells are of two types, which are as follows:

• Cone Cells: The cone cells are sensitive to bright light. They also give the sense of colour.
• Rod Cells: The rod cells are sensitive to dim light.

Optic Nerve: The optic nerve emerges from the back of the eye ball. This nerve goes to the brain.

Blind Spot: The junction of retina and the optic nerve is called the blind spot. There is no photosensitive cell at this spot, and hence no image is formed at this spot on the retina.

(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. Since globalization leads to movement of goods, services, people and technology across nations, developing countries are likely to become at par with developed countries in terms of technological development.

Machine language is the low level programming language. Machine language can only be represented by 0s and 1s. In earlier when we have to create a picture or show data on the screen of the computer then it is very difficult to draw using only binary digits(0s and 1s). For example: To write 120 in the computer system its representation is 1111000. So it is very difficult to learn. To overcome this problem the assembly language is invented.

Assembly language is the more than low level and less than high-level language so it is intermediary language. Assembly languages use numbers, symbols, and abbreviations instead of 0s and 1s.For example: For addition, subtraction and multiplications it uses symbols likes Add, sub and Mul, etc.

1. Social Inequality: French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates namely The Clergy, The nobility and third estates. First two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility enjoyed certain privileges by birth. They were exempt from paying taxes. The Third estate comprises of businessmen, merchants, Peasants and artisans, labours had to pay taxes to the state.
2. Political Causes: Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. France had a debt of more than 2 billion <i>livres</i>. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes which angered the people.
3. Economic Problems: The population of France also increased from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. Food grains were now in great demand. The price of bread shot up. Wages did not keep pace with rising prices. This led to subsistence crisis.

Bulb ratting is 100 W and 220 V bulb means when 220 V potential difference is applied between the two ends then power consumed is 100 W
Here V=220 Volt
p=100 W
V²/R=100 

So R=484Ω

v = 36km/hr = 36 × 1000m/ (60×60) s

 = 36 × 1000m/ 3600 s

=10m/s.

Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness of a body.  The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K). But temperature is also measured in celcius (°C) or fahrenheit (°F) scales. The instrument used to measure temperature is called a thermometer. 

• The thermometer is washed with water at a normal temperature.
• It is given a few jerks. We notice that the jerks bring the level of mercury down. We make sure that it falls below the 37⁰C mark or the 98⁰F mark, the normal human body temperature.
• The thermometer is then kept under the tongue or under the arms in order to get the reading on the thermometer.
• The thermometer is then held close to the eye as shown in figure 3 in order to see the correct reading.
• The temperature difference indicated between the two bigger marks is noted. Also, the number of divisions (shown by smaller marks) between these marks is noted. For e.g. the bigger mark reads 10 and the number of division is 5, then each division reads the value equal to 10/5 = 20
• We note the value of the bigger mark that the mercury thread has crossed (which is 98 in the Fig.4 Example 1). Then the number of the division of the mercury thread has crossed is noted (3 in this case). Now, this value is multiplied by the value of one division (which is 0.2 in this case). Hence, the temperature reading is 98 + (3×2) = 98.6.

Fuse wire is directly connected in series to the load.It is used to prevent the load from damage in case of excess current.

Earth wire is not exactly in the main circuit .It is connected the body of load to earth It is used to prevent any kind of shock . If there is a current in the body of load due to any fault then this makes a proper path to drop all the current to the earth.

• Joule, unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI); it is equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre.
• Watt is a SI unit of power which is defined as the energy per unit time  
• In simple terms, an electrical conductor is defined as materials that allow electricity to flow through them easily. This property of conductors that allow them to conduct electricity is known as conductivity.
• Myopia, Also Called Near sightedness, is a eye defect in which the patients are not able to see objects at long distances clearly. Persons who are myopic, has their eye lens maximum value decreased. 
• Resistance is a property of conductor due to which it resists the flow of electric current through it.