Cybercrime, or computer-oriented crime, is a crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Cybercrime may threaten a person, company or a nation's security and financial health.

Computer accepts some data for its processing, that data is called input. The hardware component which allows user to enter data and instruction into a computer is called input device.

Sorry by-mistake added x = 6 in place of x= 8.

Put x = 8

x²+x-5

= (6)² + 6 - 5

= 36 + 1

= 37

Guilds were the association of craftsmen or merchants who followed same craft and profession. Guilds usually existed in the medieval period. The main aim of forming guilds was to protect the interests of the members.

If an element X is placed in group 14, what will be the formula and the nature of bonding of its chloride?

Answer:

The formula will be XCl4. The element X of group 14 will have 4 valence electrons. So, it shares its 4 electrons and form covalent bond with 4 chlorine atoms.

• Change slide transition effects.
• Another major edit you may make to an existing presentation is to change the transition effects on a slide.

The Indian President is the head of the state. He is the first citizen of India and is a symbol of solidarity, unity, and integrity of the nation. He is a part of Union Executive along with the Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Attorney-General of India.

Mr Ramnath Kovind is the 14th president of India in person.

format of Letter to the Editor

• Sender’s address: Make sure to write the sender’s address and contact details. Also, include email and phone number, if necessary.
• Date: Make sure to write the date below the sender’s address excluding one space or line.
• Receiving Editor’s address: You should mention the address of the recipient that is the editor’s address.
• The Subject of the letter: It must convey the main purpose of the letter to the readers. So that they will get interested in reading more. It should be mentioned in one line.
• Salutation: Make sure to write Sir/ Respected Sir/ Madam. If you know the editor’s name then you should write it to increase the chances of readability of your letter.
• Body: It includes the matter of the letter. It should contain 3 paragraphs as given below:
  • Paragraph 1: In general, shorter letters have more possibilities to get published. So, check your letter and edit the content, if required. A newspaper may give more importance to a clear and well-written letter. So, you should introduce yourself and write in brief the purpose of writing the letter.
  • Paragraph 2: It should contain the details of the matter. Describe the issues and their significance. You should write a simple language to make it understandable to most people. You may also include proposals about how to improve the situation.
  • Paragraph 3: You should conclude here by writing about your expectations from the editor.  For example, your expectations to highlight the issues in his newspaper or magazine.
• Complimentary Conclusion
• Sender’s Name, Signature, and Designation

The last leaf

This is a beautiful story about Johnsy and Sue. Mr. Behrman , one of their neighbor helped Johnsy to recover from pneumonia by painting a leaf on the wall outside to give her hope. It worked for her but he died of pneumonia while doing so.

In the above story Sue informed Mr. Behrman regarding Johnsy diseases and her wish to die when the last leaf falls.

This story supports the Statement "A friend in need is a friend indeed" because Sue who shared apartment with Johnsy helped her by informing a neighbor and that neighbor helped her on risk of his life.

At the need of Johnsy Sue and Mr. Behrman helped and proved that they are friends in need.

 Homologous series is defined as a systematic order of organic compounds having same functional group that can be represented by same general formula and prepared by same method.

Each member of a homologous series is known as homologue and this phenomenon is called homology. Properties of homologous series are:

1. Two consecutive members of a homologous series differs each other in their composition by –CH2​ unit.

Example:Alcohol (−OH)−CH_3​OH,CH₃​CH_2​OH,CH_3​CH_2​CH_2​OH

According to the poem the sound of the raindrops falling on the roof echoes in the heart of poet. Here the poet has compared the raindrops with his memories of past which revived after hearing the rain on the roof.

The voters who live in an area elect the one representative. 
(ii) Voters' List: Once the constituencies are decided, the next step is to decide who can and who cannot vote. This decision cannot be left to anyone till the last day. In a democratic election, the list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and given to everyone.
(iii) Nomination of Candidates: Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill a nomination form by the due date, which the Election Commission fixes. Every candidate has to give some money as security deposit alongwith nomination form. 
(iv) Election Campaign: Election campaigns take place for a two-week period between the announcement of the final list of candidates and the date of polling. During this period the candidates contact their voters, political leaders address election meetings and political parties mobilise their supporters. 
(v) Polling and Counting of Votes: The final stage of an election is the day when the voters cast or poll their vote. That day is usually called the election day. Every person whose name is on the voters' list can go to a nearby polling booth. Once the voter goes inside the booth, the election officials identify him/her,  put a mark on his/her finger and allow him/her to cast his/her vote. There are electronic voting machines (EVMs) which are used to record votes. The machine shows the names of the candidates and the party symbols. What the voter has to do is to press the button against the name of the candidate he/she wants to give his/her vote. 
Once the polling is over, all the EVMs are sealed and taken to a secure place. A few days later, on a fixed date, all the EVMs from a constituency are opened and the votes secured by each candidate are counted. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes from a constituency is declared elected.

Tuesday, 03.03.2020

Time: 04:00 p.m.

Dear Diary,

           Today I had my Maths examination. I was not well prepared for it. So, I was very much tensed about today's examination. But when I went through the whole question paper, I founded it so easy. I attempted full marks answers and I am expecting to get at least 95 out of 100.

2 × 8 × 149 × 0 = 0

Any number multiply by 0 then the answer is zero. 

Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a given quantity to double in size or value at a constant growth rate. We can find the doubling time for a population undergoing exponential growth by using the Rule of 70. To do this, we divide 70 by the growth rate (r).

The doubling time is time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time. When the relative growth rate (not the absolute growth rate) is constant, the quantity undergoes exponential growth and has a constant doubling time or period, which can be calculated directly from the growth rate.

This time can be calculated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the exponent of growth, or approximated by dividing 70 by the percentage growth rate[1] (more roughly but roundly, dividing 72; see the rule of 72 for details and derivatiatives of this formula).

The doubling time is a characteristic unit (a natural unit of scale) for the exponential growth equation, and its converse for exponential decay is the half-life.

By the eleventh century, there is evidence of several technological changes :
1. Instead of the basic wooden ploughs, cultivaros began using heavy iron-tipped ploughs and mould-boards. These ploughs could dig much deeper and the mould-boards turned the topsoil properly. With this the nutrients from the soil were better utilised.

2. The methods of harnessing animals to the plough improved. Instead of the neck-harness came into use. This enabled animals to exert greater power. Horses were now better shod, with iron horseshoes, which prevented foot decay.

There was increased use of wind and water energy for agriculture. More water-powered and wind-powered mills were set up all over Europe for purposes like milling corn and pressing grapes.

3. There were also changes in land use. The most revolutionary one was the switch from a two-field system. In this, peasants could use a field two years out of three if they planted it with one crop in autumn and a different crop in spring a year and a half later.
That meant that farmers could break their holdings into three fields. They could plant one with wheat or rye in autumn for human consumption.
The second could be used in spring to raise peas, beans and lentils for human use, and oats and barley for the horses. The third field lay fallow. Each year they rotated the use among the three fields.

With these improvements, there was an almost immediate increase in the amount of food produced from each unit of land. Food availability doubled. The greater use of plants like peas and beans meant more vegetable proteins in the diet of the average European and a better source of fodder for their animals.

4. Some of these technological changes cost a lot of money. Peasants did not have enough money to set up watermills and windmills. Therefore the initiative was taken by the lords. But peasants were able to take the initiative in many things, such as extending arable land.

• Collectivisation, consolidation of land holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari etc. were given priority to bring institutional reforms in the country after independence. 
• Land reform was the main focus of our first Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already led to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of land holdings. 
• The Government of India embarked upon introducing agricultural reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960's and 1970's. 
• The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve a lot of Indian agriculture. 
• Provision for crop insurance against flood, drought, cyclone, fire and disease, the establishment of Grameen banks,  cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction. 
• Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS), are some other schemes introduced by the government of India for the benefit of farmers.