1)हर्षोल्लास : हर्ष + उल्लास

Richard Ebright was a multi-faceted and versatile personality. He was not only man with scientific mind, but also had a panache for sports and other-co-curricular activities such as debates, declamations, etc.  

His mother encouraged him to take interest in collecting butterflies, rocks, fossils, coins; astronomy, photography, mountaineering, etc.  

Since his childhood, he earned top grades in school. At the age of seven he started participating in science fairs. Science attracted him the most; in eighth grade he did an experiment to find the cause of viral disease that killed a large number of monarch butterflies. This experiment won him a prize.  

Then he did many experiment such as finding out why Viceroys butterflies resembled monarch butterflies, discovery of an unknown insect hormone, growing cells from a monarch’s wings, discovering the chemical structure of the hormone, and the role of DNA.

In conclusion we can say, Richard Ebright displayed a well-rounded personality that culminated in his brilliance in science.  

Answer:

1991 में भारत सरकार ने महत्‍वपूर्ण आर्थिक सुधार प्रस्‍तुत कि‍ए जो इस दृष्‍टि‍ से वृहद प्रयास थे कि इनमें वि‍देश व्‍यापार उदारीकरण, वि‍त्तीय उदारीकरण, कर सुधार और वि‍देशी नि‍वेश के प्रति‍ आग्रह शामि‍ल था। इन उपायों ने भारतीय अर्थव्‍यवस्‍था को गति‍ देने में मदद की। तब से भारतीय अर्थव्‍यवस्‍था बहुत आगे नि‍कल आई है।

नई आर्थिक नीति की आवश्यकता भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था को उभारने के लिए पड़ी। नई आर्थिक नीति 1991 में लागू की गई।

अर्थव्यवस्था में त्वरित सुधारों के लिये स्थिरीकरण उपायों को अमल में लाया गया। इसके तहत रुपए के विनिमय दर का अवमूल्यन करना, आईएमएफ से उधार लेना, कीमत में स्थिरीकरण तथा मुद्रा की आपूर्ति बढ़ाने जैसे उपायों पर बल दिया गया।

• नई आर्थिक नीति में औद्योगिक सुधारों के तहत छः उद्योगों को छोड़कर अन्य उद्योगों को लाइसेंस मुक्त किया गया, बाज़ार आधारित उत्पादन नीति को बढ़ावा दिया गया तथा तकनीकी उन्नयन हेतु पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के आयात पर छूट दी गई।

•वित्तीय सुधारों के तहत रिज़र्व बैंक की भूमिका को नियामक के स्थान पर सुविधादाता के रूप में बदल दिया गया ।

• विदेशी संस्थाओं को भारतीय वित्त बाज़ार में निवेश की अनुमति दी गई।

• राजकोषीय सुधारों के तहत कर को तर्कसंगत बनाकर कर की मात्रा में वृद्धि की गई, विदेशी व्यापार को बढ़ावा देने के लिये आयातों पर प्रतिबंध लगाए गए।

"सांख्यिकी में स्पष्ट रूप से परिभाषित उद्देश्य होना चाहिए, जिसमें से एक पहलू वैज्ञानिक उन्नति और दूसरा मानव कल्याण और राष्ट्रीय विकास है।" प्रोफेसर प्रशांत चंद्र महालनोबिस को भारतीय सांख्यिकी के जनक के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।

आयात प्रतिस्थापन औद्योगिकीकरण (ISI) एक व्यापार और आर्थिक नीति है जो घरेलू उत्पादन के साथ विदेशी आयात को बदलने की वकालत करती है। आई॰एस॰आई॰ इस आधार पर आधारित है कि किसी देश को औद्योगिक उत्पादों के स्थानीय उत्पादन के माध्यम से अपनी विदेशी निर्भरता को कम करने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। यह शब्द मुख्य रूप से 20 वीं शताब्दी की विकास अर्थशास्त्र नीतियों को संदर्भित करता है, हालाँकि 18 वीं शताब्दी के बाद से फ्रेडरिक लिस्ट और अलेक्जेंडर हैमिल्टन जैसे अर्थशास्त्रियों द्वारा इसकी वकालत की गई है।

When the ball is dropped from height h, speed v of the ball when it reaches ground is calculated using the equation, " v² = 2×g×h "

hence speed v = 

Time taken t to reach the ground is obtained using the equation " h = (1/2)×g×t² "

hence time taken t to reach ground  = 

 The  historians study the rigveda by Read the literary source and tried to create an understanding

In Maths, rational numbers are represented in p/q form where q is not equal to zero. It is also a type of real number.

12/17, 9/11 and 3/5 are positive rational numbers

-2/17, 9/-11 and -1/5 are negative rational numbers

1. In order to issue the shares at a price less than the face value, the company has to get permission from the relevant authority. For seeking permission, they should call and upon a general meeting and discuss and authorize the matter in that meeting.
2. There is a cap on the rate of discount. A company cannot issue any shares at more than 10% discount.
3. The company should issue the shares within 60 days of receiving permission from the relevant authority. In certain cases, the company can extend this time frame after getting permission in the permission.
4. The company cannot issue these shares before passing of 1 year from the date of commencement of business.
5. The shares must belong to the same class of shares which are already available in the market. For example, if the has previously issued Equity shares then this time also, the company has to issue Equity shares only.
6. Also, the company has to acquire the sanction by the Central Government after getting approval from the general meeting.

A. Simple Present Tense
The Simple Present is used to express :
(i) A habitual action
(ii) A general truth
(iii) What is happening (in exclamatory sentences only)
(iv) An order or request.

B. Present Continuous Tense
(Is/am/ are + Verb + ing)
(i) In order to form the Present Continuous Tense, we add Present Participle
to is, am or are. The Present Participle is formed by adding ‘ing’ to the first form of the verb.
‘Is’ is used with he, she, it or Third Person Singular Noun, ‘am’ is used with T and ‘are’ is used with we, you, they and plural Nouns. .
Examples : She is singing a song.

C. Present Perfect Tense
(Subject + Has /have + III form of the verb)
(i) In the Present Perfect Tense the past participle (III)) form of the verb is used with has or have. ‘Has’ is added with third person singular subjects, as—‘he’, ‘she’, ‘if and ‘Have’ is added with T, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they and plural nouns.
He has won a prize.
You have insulted me.
I have taken the dose of medicine.

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(Subject + has /have + been + I form of the Verb + trig…)

In order to form the Present Perfect Continuous Tense, we put has been or have been before the Present Participle Form of the Verb ; as—
It has been raining for two hours.
I have beenjlying a kite since 2 O’clock.
(a) The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe an action that began in the Past, is still continuing and may extend into the Future ; as—
She has been waiting for you for three hours.
They have been playing cards since 10 A. M.

The Indian ocean is named after India because:

• India holds a central location which is at the head of the Indian Ocean.
• India in ancient times was an important location in the Indian Ocean which connected Europe with countries of Southeast Asia.
• India also has the longest coastline in the region which no other country has in the Indian ocean

• Resentment at the British after the war: Indians thought that in return for the extensive support of manpower and resources they had provided to Britain during the First World War, they would be rewarded by autonomy at the end of the war. But the Government of India Act 1919 was dissatisfactory. In addition, the British also passed repressive acts like the Rowlatt Act which further angered many Indians who felt betrayed by the rulers despite their wartime support.
• Home Rule Movement: The Home Rule Movement started by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak set the stage for the non-cooperation movement. The extremists and the moderates of the INC were united and the Lucknow Pact also saw solidarity between the Muslim League and the Congress Party. The return of the extremists gave the INC a militant character.
• Economic hardships due to World War I: India’s participation in the war caused a lot of economic hardships to the people. Prices of goods began to soar which affected the common man. Peasants also suffered because the prices of agricultural products did not increase. All this led to resentment against the government.
• The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre: The repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar had a profound effect on the Indian leaders and the people. Their faith in the British system of justice was broken and the whole country rallied behind its leaders who were pitching for a more aggressive and firm stance against the government.
• The Khilafat Movement: During the First World War, Turkey, which was one of the Central Powers, had fought against the British. After Turkey’s defeat, the Ottoman caliphate was proposed to be dissolved. Muslims regarded Sultan of Turkey as their Caliph (religious head of the Muslims). The Khilafat movement was launched under the leadership of  Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani. It got the support from Mahatma Gandhi to persuade the British government not to abolish the caliphate. The leaders of this movement accepted the non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji and led a joint protest against the British.

पथेर पांचाली 'फिल्म की शूटिंग का काम ढाई साल तक इसलिए चला क्योंकि फिल्म बनाते समय कई प्रकार की दिक्कतों का सामना करना पड़ा । उस समय लेखक एक विज्ञापन कंपनी में नौकरी करता था । जब उसे नौकरी के काम से फुर्सत मिलती थी, तभी वह शूटिंग कर पाता था । लगातार शूटिंग कर पाना संभव न था ।

दूसरा कारण था धन का अभाव । लेखक के पास पैसे सीमित थे । जब वे पैसे खत्म हो जाते तब शुटिंग रुक जाती थी । फिर से पैसों का इंतजाम होने पर ही फिल्म की शूटिंग आगे बढ़ पाती थी । इस प्रकार ढाई साल का समय निकल गया ।

We can explain the paramagnetic nature of oxygen molecule by molecular orbital theory.

When you draw molecular orbital diagram of O2​

we can see there are two unpaired electrons are present in the last molecular orbital which shows us that it is paramagnetic in nature.

The comparison of two numbers or quantities by division is known as the ratio. Symbol ‘:’ is used to denote ratio.

Four quantities are said to be in proportion, if the ratio of the first and the second quantities is equal to the ratio of the third and the fourth quantities. The symbol ‘::’ or ‘=’ is used to equate the two ratios.

Formation of shadows

When an opaque object is placed in path of light, a dark portion is formed on the opposite side of object on the screen. This dark portion is shadow.
(1) The size of shadow depends on the distance of source of light and on the angle at which the light rays fall on the object.
(2) If the source of light is closer to the object, a larger shadow is formed than when the source of light is far from the object.
(3) The shadow can be seen only on a screen. The ground, walls of the rooms, a building, or other such surfaces act as a screen for the shadows you observe in everyday life
(4) Shadows sometimes gives lot of information about the object.
(5) Shadows are in black in colour and this is not changed by the colour of the opaque objects. So a red and yellow rose will have same black shadows.

रस – साहित्य का नाम आते ही रस का नाम स्वतः आ जाता है। इसके बिना साहित्य की कल्पना नहीं की जा सकती है। भारतीय साहित्य शास्त्रियों ने साहित्य के लिए रस की अनिवार्यता समझा और इसे साहित्य के लिए आवश्यक बताया। वास्तव में रस Ras काव्य की आत्मा है।

रस के अंग-रस के चार अंग माने गए हैं –

1. स्थायीभाव: कविता या नाटक का आनंद लेने से सहृदय के हृदय में भावों का संचार होता है। ये भाव मनुष्य के हृदय में स्थायी रूप से विद्यमान होते हैं। सुषुप्तावस्था में रहने वाले ये भाव साहित्य के आनंद के द्वारा जग जाते हैं और रस में बदल जाते हैं
2. विभाव: विभाव का शाब्दिक अर्थ है-भावों को विशेष रूप से जगाने वाला अर्थात् वे कारण, विषय और वस्तुएँ, जो सहृदय के हृदय में सुप्त पड़े भावों को जगा देती हैं और उद्दीप्त करती हैं, उन्हें विभाव कहते हैं।
3. अनुभाव: अनुभाव दो शब्दों ‘अनु’ और भाव के मेल से बना है। ‘अनु’ अर्थात् पीछे या बाद में अर्थात् आश्रय के मन में पनपे भाव और उसकी वाह्य चेष्टाएँ अनुभाव कहलाती हैं।
   जैसे-चुटकुला सुनकर हँस पड़ना, तालियाँ बजाना आदि चेष्टाएँ अनुभाव हैं।
4. संचारीभाव: आश्रय के चित्त में स्थायी भाव के साथ आते-जाते रहने वाले जो अन्य भाव आते रहते हैं उन्हें संचारी भाव कहते हैं। इनका दूसरा नाम अस्थिर मनोविकार भी है।
   चुटकुला सुनने से मन में उत्पन्न खुशी तथा दुर्योधन के मन में उठने वाली दुश्चिंता, शोक, मोह आदि संचारी भाव हैं।
   संचारी भावों की संख्या 33 मानी जाती है।

Inscriptions are the engravings on solid objects such as metal and stone tablets, rocks, pillars etc. Such inscriptions provide historians and historiographers with invaluable data about rulers, the extent of their empires, major events, political conditions, religious and cultural practices etc. They mention the places where the events took place and sometimes discuss their causes and effects. Statements about events are made in future tense, although they were recorded much after the happening of the events. Thus inscriptions and coins become very important to reconstruct early Indian history.