• The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
• It was first discovered by Albert von Kolliker in the year 1857.
• It was named as bioblast by Richard Altman in the year 1886.
• The term mitochondria was coined by Carl Benda in the year 1898. 

A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. There are some other types of Secondary Batteries but the four major types are: Lead – Acid Batteries. Nickel – Cadmium Batteries. Nickel – Metal Hydride Batteries. Lithium – Ion Batteries.

Keeping all other factors the same, when there is a change in demand of a commodity due to change in price, it is referred to as the change in quantity demanded. It is shown as a movement along the demand curve when expressed graphically.

Instruments like vernier calliper, metric rulers, scales and measuring tapes are commonly used to measure length

Changes in demand include an increase or decrease in demand. Due to the change in the price of related goods, the income of consumers, and the preferences of consumers, etc. the demand for a product or service changes.

So there are two possible changes in demand:

• Increase (shift to the right) in demand
• Decrease (shift to the left) in demand

True, Chemicals like chlorine (Chlorine dioxide) and ozone (in the pharmaceutical industry) are commonly used to disinfect water.

Law of demand is regarded as one of the most basic concepts that is being studied in the field of Economics. It states that keeping all other factors constant (cetris peribus) the demanded quantity of a good is shown to exhibit an inverse relationship with the price of a good.

In simple words, with an increase in price, the demand decreases and with a decrease in price, the demand increases. The law of demand is used in conjunction with the law of supply to determine efficient resource allocation and optimum quantity and price of goods.

The consumer preference theory helps in understanding the combination of goods that a consumer might prefer taking into account budgetary constraints and price of goods in the market.

The best explanation for this is found in Microeconomics using the demand function, where demand functions are derived from the indifference curves.

False, An Electromagnet attract with piece of iron 

False, Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change.

(i) Price of the commodity: When price of the commodity increases in the market, its quantity decreases and vice-versa.

(ii) Income of the consumer: Market demand for a commodity is directly related to income of the consumer. Increase in income of consumer causes increase in market demand for the commodity.

(iii) Prices of related goods: In case of substitute goods, demand for a commodity falls with fall in price of the substitute commodity. In case of complementary goods, market demand for the commodity rises with a fall in the price of complementary commodity.

(iv) Tastes and Preferences: If consumer's tastes and preferences change, quantity demanded of the commodity will also change.

(v) Income Distribution: If income distribution is even, market demand for the commodity will be more than otherwise.

(vi) Size of Population: Higher population implies greater market demand for goods and services and vice-versa.

The Price Elasticity of Demand refers to the degree of responsiveness of demand to the change in the price of the commodity.

Types of price Elasticity of Demand:

The following are the main types of price elasticity of demand:

1.       Relatively Elastic Demand:

Relatively elastic demand refers to the demand when the proportionate change produced in demand is greater than the proportionate change in price of a product. The numerical value of relatively elastic demand ranges between one to infinity.

2.       Relatively Inelastic Demand:

Relatively inelastic demand is one when the percentage change produced in demand is less than the percentage change in the price of a product. The numerical value of relatively elastic demand ranges between zero to one (e_p<1).

3.       Unitary Elastic Demand:

When the proportionate change in demand produces the same change in the price of the product, the demand is referred as unitary elastic demand. The numerical value for unitary elastic demand is equal to one (e_p=1).

4.       Perfectly Elastic Demand:

When a small change in price of a product causes a major change in its demand, it is said to be perfectly elastic demand. In perfectly elastic demand, a small rise in price results in fall in demand to zero, while a small fall in price causes increase in demand to infinity. In such a case, the demand is perfectly elastic or e_p = 00.

5.       Perfectly Inelastic Demand:

A perfectly inelastic demand is one when there is no change produced in the demand of a product with change in its price. The numerical value for perfectly inelastic demand is zero (e_p=0).

Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.  

Answer:

Nazism became popular for the following reasons   (i) After defeat in the First World War, Germany was forced to sign the harsh and humiliating Treaty of Versailles, in which it was made to accept the guilt for the war. The Germans felt disgraced and humiliated. Consequently, they were made to believe, by Hitler's oratory, that he would restore Germany to its former glory.   (ii) Political parties like the Communists, Socialists, Democrats, etc were not united. There were conflicts between them and the government became weak. The Nazi Party took advantage of the situation and captured power.   (iii) Democracy in Germany was relatively new and it was not strong. It did not appeal to the Germans. They wanted a party and a system that would re-establish the glory and prestige of Germany. So, they were attracted to the Nazi Party.   (iv) Hitler was a great orator and with his speeches he was able to sway the masses and win their confidence, He was able to convince them that he would undo the injustice done and bring back the glory and dignity of the German people. He promised employment for those looking for work. He won over the youth by promising them a secure future.   (v) He got the support of the Army, the industrialists and the landlords because he opposed communism and socialism, which these people also opposed. Thus, Hitler and the Nazi Party were able to win the support of all sections of Germans and so become popular.  

Many forests which supplied valuable timber were declared as reserved forests by the British. The tribals were not allowed to collect wood, fruits, hunt and practice shifting cultivation in these forests. This resulted in the loss of livelihood, poverty and hunger among the tribals. Many tribals moved out of the forests to other regions in search of work and to earn a livelihood. People who remained in the forests revolted against the unjust forest laws of the government.

[a] /are /many ways / theorem /where /a mathematical / can be/ proved./
[b] /on/stay/ their seats / passengers/ has opened / conductor / door / requested/ are/ the / until/ the /
Answer:
1. There are many ways where a mathematical theorem can be proved.
2. The conductor requested passengers to stay on their seats until the door has opened.

The discovery of mitochondria is accredited to the several scientists who contributed to the discovery of mitochondrion and identification of its structure and functions. The earliest accounts of description of mitochondria go back to 1840. However, Richard Altmann was the first one to recognize the occurrence of these organelles and called them bioblasts. The name mitochondria was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. Christian de Duve was a Belgian researcher who discovered lysosomes in 1949.

Mirza hakim was half brother of akbar

 Mirza, was the second son of Mughal emperor Humayun. He ruled Kabul in Afghanistan, and often conflicted with his elder brother emperor Akbar. Mirza Hakim later on mended ways with Emperor Akbar.

(−5) + (−8)+ (−11) + ... + (−230) .

Common difference of the A.P. (d) = a₂ - a₁ 

=-8-(-5)

=-8+5

=-3

So here,

First term (a) = −5

Last term (l) = −230

Common difference (d) = −3

So, here the first step is to find the total number of terms. Let us take the number of terms as n.

Now, as we know,

a_n =  a + (n-1) d

So, for the last term,

   - 230 = -5 + ( n-1) (-3) 

   - 230 = -5-3n + 3

-23 +2 = -3n

-228-3=n

           n = 76

Now, using the formula for the sum of n terms, we get

Sn=762[2(-5)+(76-1)(-3)]

      = 38 [-10+(75)(-3)]

      =38 (-10-225)

      = 38(-235)

      = -8930

Therefore, the sum of the A.P is  S_n = -8930 

 156=13×3×2²

a ns w e r

Jawahar lal Nehru

Jawahar lal Nehru was the architect of the Non-Alignment Movement. The five principles were: Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty. Mutual non-aggression.

(D) Journal proper

Cash purchases are recorded in the Cash Book. Other purchases such as purchases of office equipment, furniture, building, are recorded in the journal proper if purchased on credit or in the cash book if purchased for cash.  On account is an accounting term that denotes the furniture or asset or service is purchased on credit.

(C) Ledger

Subsidiary Books are the sub divisions of a Journal. These books are meant for recording the transactions of a similar nature in a separate book. When there are many transactions, the Journal is sub-divided into subsidiary books to record such voluminous transactions and events in one single book. These books are also termed as 'Special Purpose Books or Special Journals or Book of Original/Primary/Prime entry'.

Given A.P. 2, 7, 12, …..

First term a = 2

Common difference d = 7 – 2 = 5

nth term an = a + (n – 1)d

∴ a10 = 2 + (10 – 1) × 5

= 2 + 9 × 5

= 2 + 45

= 47

Hence, 10th term of given series 47.

We should be content with what life gives us. Not only that, we have to follow the practice of “road to happiness”. Selfishness inevitably leads to dissatisfaction and disappointment because desires are endless. The problem of happiness is therefore the problem of dropping one's desires.

Desires, however, can not be effectively overcome through mechanical repression. They can be annihilated only through knowledge. If you drive deep in the realm of thoughts and think seriously for just a few minutes, you will realize emptiness of desires.

Think of what you have enjoyed all these years and what you have suffered. All that you have enjoyed through life is today nil. All that you have suffered through life is also nothing in the present. All was illusory.

It is right to be happy, and yet you create your own unhappiness by wanting things. Wanting is the source of perpetual restlessness.

If you don't get the thing you want, you are disappointed. And if you get it, you want more and more of it and become unhappy. No contentment in life.

Say “ I do not want anything “ and be happy. The continuous realization of the futility of wants will give you the freedom from wants that leads to the road to abiding happiness. As long as one has a body there will be some needs, and it is necessary to meet those needs. But wants are an out come of infatuated imagination. They must be scrupulously killed if there is to be any happiness. As the very being of selfishness consists of desires, renunciation of wants becomes a process of death.

DYING IN THE ORDINARY SENSE MEANS PARTING WITH THE PHYSICAL BODY, BUT DYING IN THE REAL SENSE MEANS RENUNCIATION OF LOW DESIRES.