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Modern people are regularly informed about the dangers of leading unhealthy lifestyles. Despite the spectacular advances in the medical field, many people are still suffering from and being killed by diseases, most of which are preventable.

There are some reasons why there is still a prevalent habit of doing unhealthy activities. This can be, firstly, explained by the fact that most people are prone to undue optimism. Although powerful and constant reminders of what unsound lifestyles can bring is readily available everywhere, people still keep the faith that they would hardly be inflicted. Even for those who are aware, they are often in denial and convince themselves that unhealthy habits are not as terrible as the media want them to believe. Secondly, once people are addicted to unhealthy habits, it is very difficult for them to break. For example, people with smoking habits cannot reduce their dependency on cigarettes due to its high addictiveness, or people with sedentary lifestyles are unable to bring themselves to be more active on the simple grounds that exercises are not pleasurable

The crofter in the Rattrap was the retired personnel in whose house the peddler rested for the while.

He was glad to find someone with whom he can talk to.

Moreover, he was not so cruel to the peddler when he came to know that the peddler or the guest of the Christmas stolen few money from his poach.

The crofter was an old man, without wife or child, who owned a little gray cottage by the roadside and gave shelter to the peddler when he knocked on his door because he was happy to get someone to alleviate his loneliness. He was an extremely gracious host, putting the porridge pot on fire for his guest. He served supper to the peddler and also carved out a big slice from his tobacco roll which was enough for the stranger's pipe and his own. The he got out an old pack of cards and played 'mjolis' with his guest until bedtime. The old man was not only generous with his hospitality, that is his porridge and tobacco, but also with his confidences. He used to be a crofter at Ramsjo Ironworks and had worked on the land. However, upon growing old, he could not do day labour so he had a cow which supported him, gave him milk for the creamery every day. The old man had received thirty kronor in payment for his goods. The old man was so easily trusting that he did not refrain from showing his guest, the three wrinkled ten-kronor bills. One could take him for a naive man but it is better to believe that the old man believed in trusting people rather than doubting them, which engenders a positive attitude towards life.

Following are the ways in which we come to know that the author's grandmother was a religious person  
(i) She hobbled about the house in a white saree, always carrying and telling the beads of her rosary.  
(ii) When the author was in the village with her, he would always find her saying morning prayer while she bathed and dressed him up.  
(iii) The grandmother would always go to the village school with her grandson because the school was attached to the temple. While the children were taught, the grandmother would sit inside the temple and read scriptures.  
(iv) She would always feed the animals (dogs in the village) and birds (sparrows in the city) because she thought it to be a part of religious rituals.  
(v) The last moments of her life were spent in praying rather than talking to her family members.

The author‟s grandmother was a religious lady with a kind heart. Her one hand was always busy in telling the beads of her rosary. Her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer. She used to get up early in the morning. She did her morning prayer in “a monotonous sing-song”. Everyday, she went along with the author to his school and while narrator studied she sat in a temple and read scriptures Later, in the city she was unhappy that there was no religious teaching at school. Before dying, she stopped talking to her family members and turned to prayers, and telling the beads.

Major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak were as follows:

• Baba Guru Nanak insisted on the importance of the worship of one true God.
• He believed that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant in the context of a true liberation from worldly matters.
• According to him, liberation was not a state of inert bliss but the pursuit of an active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
• He spread his teaching with a motto of ‘nam, dan, insane’ , which meant right worship, social welfare and purity of conduct.
• His teachings are now remembered as nam-japna, kirt-karna and vandchhakna, which means worship of god, honest living, and helping or sharing with others.
• Thus, Baba Guru Nanak promoted the idea of equality..

Baba Guru Nanak emphasised the importance of the worship of one God.

He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was based on the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.

He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.

He gave importance to right-belief and worship, honest living and helping others.

Guru Nanak, thus, promoted the idea of equality

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The literal meaning of Masulipatnam is fish port town. It was a centre of intense activity in the 17th century. Since it soon became the most important port of Andhra Pradesh, both the Dutch and the English East India Companies attempted to control it. The fort of Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch.

The town of Masulipatnam or Machlipatnam is located on the delta of the Krishna river. The literal meaning of Masulipatnam is fish port town. It was a centre of intense activity in the 17th century. Since it soon became the most important port of Andhra Pradesh, both the Dutch and the English East India Companies attempted to control it. The fort of Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch.

Consumer Courts: This is a three-tier quasi-judicial system. The district level court deals with cases involving claims upto Rs. 20 lakh. The state level court deals with cases between Rs. 20 lakh and Rs. 1 crore. The national level court dealt with cases which involve claims exceeding Rs. 1 crore.

If a case is dismissed in district level court, the consumer can also appeal in state and then in National level courts.

Consumer Court  is a special purpose court in India that deals with cases regarding consumer disputes, conflicts and grievances. There are judiciary hearings set up by the government to protect the consumer rights. Its main function is to maintain the fair practices and contracts by sellers. Consumers can file a case against a seller if they are cheated or exploited by sellers. The court will only give a verdict in favour of the consumers/customers if they have proof of exploitation, i.e., bills or purchase memos. If a consumer does not have the proper documents required for filing a case then it would be very difficult for the consumer to win or even file a case
 

24^th December is celebrated as the National Consumers’ Day. It was on this day that the Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act in 1986. India is one of the few countries that have exclusive courts for consumer redressal. The consumer movement in India has made significant progress in recent times. At present, there are more than 700 consumer groups. 

24^th December is celebrated as the National Consumers’ Day. It was on this day that the Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act in 1986.

Battle of Leipzig, also called Battle of the Nations, decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland. The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony, between approximately 185,000 French and other troops under Napoleon, and approximately 320,000 allied troops, including Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish forces, commanded respectively by Prince Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg, General Gebhard Leberecht Blücher, General Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen, and the Swedish crown prince Jean Bernadotte.

5x-[4y-{7x-(3z-2y)+4z-3(x+3y-2z)

= 5x-[4y-{7x-(3z-2y)+4z-3x-9y+6z]

= 5x-[4y-7x-3z+2y +4z-3x-9y+6z]

= 5x-4y+7x+3z-2y -4z+3x+9y-6z

= 5x+7x+3x -4y-2y +9y+3z -4z-6z

=15x +3y -7z

The Frankfurt Parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.

ANSWER

The Frankfurt Parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.

Please ask question with complete information.

In 1815, the representatives of the European powers - Britain, Russia,Prussia and Austria wanted to establish long-lasting peace and stability after they defeated Napolean.

Thus, they drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the intenstion of undoing most of the changes brought about during the Napoleonic wars and creating a new conservative order in Europe.

• The Bourbon dynasty was brought back to power and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.  
• To prevent the French evasion, a series of states werre set up on the boundaries of France.
• This lead to the setting up of kingdom of the Netherlands (inclusive of Belgium) in the north and the kingdom of Genoa (added to Piedmont) in the south.
• Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
• However, Napolean's German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.
• In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony. 

(i) The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(iii) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
(iv) Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
(v) Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
(vi) In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
(vii) Thus, monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon were restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe.

let the number of mangoes , when third friend got up be x+1.

one mango he has given to the monkey.

therefore he has taken x/3 mangoes.

the remaining mangoes are 2x/3

2x/3 = 30

x = 30*3/2 = 45

thus the number of mangoes when 3rd friend got up is 45+1 = 46.

similarly let the number of mangoes when 2nd friend got up be y+1.

therefore

2y/3 = 46

y = 46*3/2 = 69

thus the number of mangoes when 2nd friend got up = 69+1 = 70

let the number of mangoes , when first friend got up be z+1 (i.e. the number of mangoes which they pluck initially)

2z/3 = 70

z = 70*3/2 = 105

therefore the total number of mangoes = 105+1 = 106

पूरी दुनिया में, लोग राजनीतिक दलों के प्रदर्शन के बारे में मजबूत असंतोष व्यक्त करते हैं।
लोकतंत्र के प्रभावी साधन बने रहने के लिए, राजनीतिक दलों को कुछ चुनौतियों से पार पाने की आवश्यकता है।
य़े हैं
(i) पहली चुनौती पार्टियों के भीतर लोकतंत्र की कमी है। पूरी दुनिया में, शीर्ष पर एक या कुछ नेतृत्व में शक्तियों की एकाग्रता की दिशा में राजनीतिक दलों में एक प्रवृत्ति है।
पार्टियां सदस्यता रजिस्टर नहीं रखती हैं, संगठनात्मक बैठकें नहीं करती हैं और नियमित रूप से आंतरिक चुनाव नहीं करती हैं।
(ii) दूसरी चुनौती वंशवादी उत्तराधिकार है जहां एक पार्टी के शीर्ष पदों पर हमेशा एक विशेष परिवार के सदस्यों द्वारा आनंद लिया जाता है।
यह प्रवृत्ति पार्टी के अन्य सदस्यों के साथ-साथ लोकतंत्र के लिए भी हानिकारक है। यह प्रवृत्ति पूरी दुनिया में कुछ उपायों में मौजूद है।
(iii) तीसरी चुनौती पार्टियों में धन और शक्ति की बढ़ती भूमिका के बारे में है जो चुनावों के दौरान विशेष रूप से देखी जाती है।
अमीर लोग और कंपनियां जो पार्टियों को धन देते हैं, हमेशा पार्टी की नीतियों और फैसलों पर एक कहावत होती है।
(iv) चौथी चुनौती यह है कि बहुत बार पार्टियां मतदाताओं को एक सार्थक विकल्प नहीं देती हैं। हमारे देश में, आर्थिक नीतियों पर सभी प्रमुख दलों के बीच अंतर कम हो गया है। कभी-कभी, नेताओं का एक ही सेट एक पार्टी से दूसरी पार्टी में शिफ्ट होता रहता है, इसलिए लोगों के पास उनके लिए कोई विकल्प उपलब्ध नहीं होता है।

पूरी दुनिया में, लोग राजनीतिक दलों के प्रदर्शन के बारे में मजबूत असंतोष व्यक्त करते हैं।
लोकतंत्र के प्रभावी साधन बने रहने के लिए, राजनीतिक दलों को कुछ चुनौतियों से पार पाने की आवश्यकता है।
य़े हैं
(i) पहली चुनौती पार्टियों के भीतर लोकतंत्र की कमी है। पूरी दुनिया में, शीर्ष पर एक या कुछ नेतृत्व में शक्तियों की एकाग्रता की दिशा में राजनीतिक दलों में एक प्रवृत्ति है।
पार्टियां सदस्यता रजिस्टर नहीं रखती हैं, संगठनात्मक बैठकें नहीं करती हैं और नियमित रूप से आंतरिक चुनाव नहीं करती हैं।
(ii) दूसरी चुनौती वंशवादी उत्तराधिकार है जहां एक पार्टी के शीर्ष पदों पर हमेशा एक विशेष परिवार के सदस्यों द्वारा आनंद लिया जाता है।
यह प्रवृत्ति पार्टी के अन्य सदस्यों के साथ-साथ लोकतंत्र के लिए भी हानिकारक है। यह प्रवृत्ति पूरी दुनिया में कुछ उपायों में मौजूद है।
(iii) तीसरी चुनौती पार्टियों में धन और मांसपेशियों की शक्ति की बढ़ती भूमिका के बारे में है जो चुनावों के दौरान विशेष रूप से देखी जाती है।
अमीर लोग और कंपनियां जो पार्टियों को धन देते हैं, हमेशा पार्टी की नीतियों और फैसलों पर एक कहावत होती है।
(iv) चौथी चुनौती यह है कि बहुत बार पार्टियां मतदाताओं को एक सार्थक विकल्प नहीं देती हैं। हमारे देश में, आर्थिक नीतियों पर सभी प्रमुख दलों के बीच अंतर कम हो गया है। कभी-कभी, नेताओं का एक ही सेट एक पार्टी से दूसरी पार्टी में शिफ्ट होता रहता है, इसलिए लोगों के पास उनके लिए कोई विकल्प उपलब्ध नहीं होता है।

 Leadership is the ability to intentionally provide positive influence on the lives and behaviours of others. The leader should possess qualities that are sought for and admired by followers. A leader must initiate an activity, under the groups needs, and carry the acitivty to completion.

The leadership quality in physical education is as below:

1. Energetic 

2. Friendliness and Affection 

3. Decisiveness 

4. Technically skilled 

5. Intelligent 

6. Teaching skill 

7. Creative 

8. Interest in research 

9. Good health 

10.Dedication and Determination 

11.High motor capacity 

12.Respect for other People 

13.Social 

14.Logical and Decision-maker 

15.Morality and Loyalty 

16.Good communicator.

Bar screens are used to remove large objects like rags, sticks, cans, plastic packets napkins, etc. in wastewater treatment plant.

The micro-organisms that decompose/ convert the dead remains of plants and animals to humus are called decomposers. The two common examples of decomposers are bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in clearing the debris of dead remains of plants and animals and convert them into humus which enriches the nutrients of the soil.

Recharging of groundwater takes place by the rainwater and water present in the water source like river and ponds. The water tends to seep through the soil and fill the empty spaces and cracks below the ground. That’s how groundwater gets recharged.

Distance covered by train   S=240 km
Time taken by train to cover this distance   t=4 hrs
Thus speed of train   v= S​/t
∴ v= 240/4 ​= 60 km/hr

Answer:
Suddenly Tricki stopped eating. He refused even his favourite dishes and had bouts of vomiting. He spent all the time lying on rug, panting and did not do anything. So Mrs Pumphrey was distraught and made a frantic call to Dr Herriot.

The story "A Triumph of Surgery" is about an over-indulgent, foolish lady, who spoils her pet dog so much that he had to be taken to the hospital. Mr. Herriot, the veterinarian, had to remove Tricki from Mrs. Pumphrey's care for his own good. The first phone call was made to inform Mr. Herriot about Tricki's failing health. In spite of strict instructions from the veterinarian , Mrs. Pumphrey continued to give Tricki sweets, chocolates and cakes. Finally, Mr. Herriot decided to take Tricki to the hospital, because that was the only method by which he could ensure the dog's survival. However, Mrs. Pumphrey would keep on calling the hospital nearly fifteen times a day, to enquire about Tricki's health. The poor dog was being spoilt to death by his mistress! Mrs. Pumphrey's phone calls were out of concern, but they add to the humor in the story.  

• The change in which the molecular composition is completely altered and a new product is formed is called a chemical change.
• Chemical changes create a new product.
• The changes in Chemical change are irreversible and permanent.

Examples of Chemical Change

1. Burning of wood or paper
2. Burning of camphor
3. Souring of milk
4. Burning of candle
5. Digestion of food

A change leading to the production of a new substance is known as a chemical change. These changes are irreversible. Some of the chemical changes occurring in our day to day life include rusting of iron, silver jewellery getting tarnished or copper articles getting covered by green layer.

• Grass eating animals like cows, buffaloes are called ruminants because they have a separate part of stomach called rumen .They quickly swallow the grass and is stored in rumen where it is partially digested forming cud.
• Rumination is the process by which cud returns to the mouth in small lumps and then the animal chews it.
• Grass contain cellulose which is digested by special bacteria present in a sac like structure located between small intestine and large intestine.

• Grass eating animals like cows, buffaloes are called ruminants because they have a separate part of stomach called rumen .They quickly swallow the grass and is stored in rumen where it is partially digested forming cud.
• Rumination is the process by which cud returns to the mouth in small lumps and then the animal chews it.

There are various sources of water. About 97% of the water on the Earth’s surface is covered with water. The three main sources of water are:

• Rainwater.
• Groundwater – This includes water bodies like Wells and Springs.
• Surface water – This includes different water bodies like Sea, Oceans, Reservoirs, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Lakes and Tanks.