• The motherboard acts as the central backbone of a computer on which other modular parts are installed such as the CPU, RAM and hard disks.
• The motherboard also acts as the platform on which various expansion slots are available to install other devices / interfaces.
• The motherboard is also responsible to distribute power to the various components of the computer.
• They are also used in the coordination of the various devices in the computer and maintain an interface among them.

Science is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them.
A science is a particular branch of science such as physics, chemistry, or biology.
A science is the study of some aspect of human behaviour,

Total distance covered 10m in 40sec
Total time taken= 2min 20sec= 140sec
Total round completed = 140/40=3.5 rounds


So If an object moves from A to D, the shortest path will be from A to C. So displacement is AC, that we will find by phythogoras theorem.

AC2= AB2 +BC2 
AC2= (10)2 +(10)2
AC2= 100+100
AC2=200

AC = (200)1/2
 
AC= 10× (2) ½  or 10√2 m
 

A n s w e r : The key idea of the democratic government is its commitment to equality and justice.

लोकतांत्रिक सरकार का मुख्य विचार समानता और न्याय के लिए अपनी प्रतिबद्धता है।

• Kalidasa was a Classical Sanskrit author and is often considered ancient India's greatest playwright and dramatist. His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas
• Kalidasa's plays show life in an emperor's court where the royalty and the brahmins used Sanskrit while the common people used Prakrit.
• His most famous story is the Abhijnana Shakuntalam, a love story of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala.

In this story narrator describes his grandmother as old woman. People said that she had once been young and beautiful but according to author her grandmother had been old ever since hehad seen her the author could not imagine her as a child or as a young and beautiful lady. Forhim she was his grandmother, a woman who had been always old and never young. She wasshort, fat and slightly bent. Her face was a full of wrinkles . Narrator maintains that she was beautiful because she was kind, warm, loving, attentive and caring. The author’s grandmother was strong woman in character and was very religious too. She was always dressed in a spotlesswhite dress.

In his childhood years, the narrator lived with his grandmother. He describes her as a goodfriend. She would wake him up on school days and prepare him a simple breakfast .She had asympathetic attitude towards animals . She carried several stale chapattis with her for the villagedogs . When she was in village she used to feed dogs but as and when she came to the city shestarted feeding the sparrows. She was a religious woman , as she spend her time in temple inreading the scriptures .She was a woman who love her traditions and culture. With her one hand,she was always telling the beads of her rosary. She spent most of her time reading the holy bookswhether at home or in the temple. She spent her time in spinning wheel and reciting her prayers also. She never omitted to sing her prayers.

She did not like the western learning by his grandson .She was also against learning of music.She was left alone when narrator went abroad but she passed her time with spinning feedingsparrows and reciting prayers .She felt happy when narrator came back after a long time. Shemade her ill by beating the drum in happiness .She was so devoted to religion that in her lasttimes she pray. She was a lady to the last 

I study in St. Peters Acadamy. It is the oldest one in this region. It was established by a Christian Missionary in 1980. It has created many histories by achieving so many events to its credit. The Principal is always appointed by the missionary. The man of high academic repute and administrative quality is appointed here as Principal. Teachers are also of high talent. There are five thousand students. Its students always bring high laurels to school and region by achieving bright result in Board Examinations. I am proud of my school.

Man is a product of circumstances and environment. Hari Singh was just a boy of fifteen but was an experienced and fairly a successful hand. Circumstances made him a thief. In spite of being no use to Anil, he was retained to work for him. They say old habits die hard. After all, a thief couldn’t leave stealing and cheating. He made a rupee every day from the buying of the day’s supplies. However, Anil was not a fool. He knew everything and also all about the theft. But he was kind, large-hearted and full of human sympathy. He taught the unfortunate boy to write his name. Ile also promised him to write sentences and add numbers. This left a deep impression on the boy-thief. lie started realising that education could bring him respect and money.

Hari Singh breached Anil’s trust but Anil was all forgiving and compassionate. In the heat and excitement of theft, Hari Singh forgot about education. Then came the true realisation and transformation. The boy-thief realised that the only man who could help him was the man he had robbed a few hours ago. Then he realised the value of education that could give him respect and more money than he could get by stealing. He realised where he should go. Large-hearted Anil not only forgave him but also gave him a fifty-rupee note, and promised to pay him regularly.

• Seismic waves can tell us a lot about the internal structure of the Earth because these waves travel at different speeds in different materials.
• Reflection causes P and S waves to rebound whereas refraction makes waves move in different directions.
• The variations in the direction of these waves are inferred with the help of their record on seismograph.
• Change in densities greatly varies the wave velocity. By observing the changes in velocity, the density of the earth as a whole can be estimated. By the observing the changes in direction of the waves (emergence of shadow zones), different layers can be identified.
• For both kinds of waves, the speed at which the wave travels also depends on the properties of the material through which it is traveling.
• Scientists are able to learn about Earth’s internal structure by measuring the arrival of seismic waves at stations around the world.
• For example, we know that Earth’s outer core is liquid because s-waves are not able to pass through it; when an earthquake occurs there is a “shadow zone” on the opposite side of the earth where no s-waves arrive.
• Similarly, we know that the earth has a solid inner core because some p-waves are reflected off the boundary between the inner core and the outer core.
• By measuring the time it takes for seismic waves to travel along many different paths through the earth, we can figure out the velocity structure of the earth.
• Abrupt changes in velocity with depth correspond to boundaries between different layers of the Earth composed of different materials.

The structure of Earth’s deep interior cannot be studied directly. But geologists use seismic (earthquake) waves to determine the depths of layers of molten and semi-molten material within Earth. Geologists are now using these records to establish the structure of Earth’s interior.

The chapter ‘The Portrait of a Lady’ is the story of the author and his grandmother. The grandmother was an old woman with a wrinkled face. The author had always seen her like this, for the past twenty years. She appeared to be so old that he could not imagine her being ‘young and pretty’, someone who had a husband. She was short, fat and slightly bent. The author had seen his grandfather’s portrait- an old man with a turban and a long white beard covering his chest. To the author, his grandfather didn’t seem like a man who could have a wife and children, but someone who could have lots of grandchildren. His grandmother used to move around the house in ‘Spotless White’ with her one hand resting on her waist and her other hand counting the beads of her rosary.

In the initial days, the author and his grandmother had a good relationship. She used to wake him up and get him ready for school. She used to pack the things required by him for the day and walked him to school everyday. She used to visit the temple that was attached to the school. She had a routine of reading the scriptures. The author along with other children sat on the verandah singing alphabets and morning prayers. They both used to come back home together with stray dogs roaming around them as his grandmother would carry the stale chapattis to feed them.

Soon, the parents of the author who went to the city to settle in and called them. As they reached the city, his relationship with his grandmother took a turn. Though they shared the room, there bond grew apart. He started going to an English medium school, she no longer accompanied him to his school, and there were no longer stray dogs who roamed around them while walking back home. She, however, used to ask him about his day and what he had learned. She didn’t understand anything as everything was in another language which she could not understand. She didn’t approve of the new syllabus that he was studying because she thought that they did not teach him about God and the scriptures. They saw less of each other.

As the days passed, he grew older and soon went to the university. He had his own room and this made their relationship sour. She stopped talking to everyone and spent her whole day sitting at her spinning wheel, reciting prayers and moving beads of the rosary with one hand. However, she loved feeding sparrows in the verandah at dawn. Breaking bread into pieces and feeding it to the birds was her daily routine. The birds would sit on her legs, her head, some even on the shoulders.

Soon, the author decided to go abroad for further studies. She came to the railway station to leave him off. She was not sentimental, continuously recited her prayers, her mind lost in the prayers, and she kissed him on the forehead. After five years, as he returnedhome, she was there, came to pick him at the station, was still the same as she had been five years ago. She clasped him within her arms and didn’t say a word. She still used to feed her sparrows.

One day, she didn’t recite her prayers but instead collected the women of the neighbourhood, got a drum and started singing. The next morning, she was ill with mild fever. The doctor said that there was nothing to worry about but she was sure that her end was near.

She didn’t want to waste her time talking to anyone in the family anymore but spend her last hours in reciting her prayers laying on the bed. She died and so her body lay on the bed, lifeless. As they prepared for her funeral, they saw all the sparrows sitting in the verandah around her, mourning her death.

•  सिक्किम के मूल निवासी लेपचा एवं भूटिया है।
• सिक्किम देश में इलाइची का सबसे अधिक उत्पादन करने वाला राज्य है।
•  सम्पूर्ण सिक्किम पर्यटकों का स्वर्ग माना जाता है।
•  सिक्किम को फलोद्यानों का स्वर्ग कहा जाता है।
• भारत का दूसरा सबसे छोटा राज्य और सबसे कम आबादी वाला राज्य होने के बावजूद सिक्किम प्रकृति से प्रेम करने वालों के लिए स्वर्ग है।
• देश के पूर्वोत्तर हिस्से में स्थित सिक्किम के दक्षिण में पश्चिम बंगाल है और यह अपनी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा दक्षिण-पूर्व में भूटान के साथ, पश्चिम में नेपाल के साथ और उत्तर-पूर्व में चीन के तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र के साथ साझा करता है।
• खूबसूरत पहाडों़, गहरी घाटियों और बायोडाइवर्सिटी के कारण सिक्किम सैलानियों का पसंदीदा स्पाॅट है।
• गंगटोक सिक्किम का सबसे बड़ा शहर होने के अलावा यहां की राजधानी भी है। यह शहर 5,500 फीट की उंचाई पर शिवालिक की पहाडि़यों पर स्थित है।
• गंगटोक से दुनिया के तीसरे सबसे उंचे पर्वत कंचनजंगा का नजारा देखा जा सकता है।
• सिक्किम का कुल इलाका लगभग 7,000 वर्ग किलोमीटर का है और यहां की आबादी छह लाख से ज्यादा नहीं है।
• इस राज्य का ज्यादातर इलाका पहाड़ी है और सिक्किम की गर्मियां भी सुहावनी होती हैं, क्योंकि गर्मियों में भी तापमान बमुश्किल 28 डिग्री से उपर जाता है।
• सिक्किम की सर्दियां बहुत कड़ाके की और कंपकपाने वाली होती हैं क्योंकि तब तापमान शून्य से भी नीचे चला जाता है।
• सन् 1975 में सिक्किम भारत का हिस्सा बन गया था और तब से ही यहां का राजनीतिक ढांचा देश के बाकी हिस्सों जैसा है।
• यहां की विधान सभा में 32 सदस्य होते हैं जो कि चुनावों के ज़रिए चुने जाते हैं।