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| Parameter | Angiosperms | Gymnosperms |
| Definition | These are seed-producing flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed within an ovary. | These are seed-producing non-flowering plants whose seeds are unenclosed. |
| Seeds | Their seeds are enclosed inside an ovary, usually in a fruit. | Their seeds are bare and not enclosed, which are found on scales, leaves, or as cones. |
| Life Cycle | The lifecycle of these plants is seasonal because these die during autumn/fall. | These plants are evergreen in nature. |
| Presence | These are present in flowers and can be unisexual or bisexual. | These are present as cones and are unisexual. |
| Reproduction | Reproduction is depending on the animals for spread. | Here, Reproduction is depending on wind for spread. |
| Tissue | These have triploid tissue. | These have haploid tissue. |
| Leaves | The shape of the leaves is flat. | Their leaves are scale-like and needle-like. |
| Wood | These have hardwood. | These have softwood. |
| Uses | Used for Medications, food, clothing, etc. | Used for Paper, Lumber, etc. |
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| Mitosis | Meiosis |
| Interphase | |
| Each chromosome replicates. The result is two genetically identical sister chromatids (However, do note that interphase is technically not a part of mitosis because it takes place between one mitotic phase and the next) | Chromosomes not yet visible but DNA has been duplicated or replicated |
| Prophase | |
| Prophase –Each of the duplicated chromosomes appears as two identical or equal sister chromatids, The mitotic spindle begins to form. Chromosomes condense and thicken | Prophase I – crossing-over recombination – Homologous chromosomes (each consists of two sister chromatids) appear together as pairs. Tetrad is the structure that is formed. Segments of chromosomes are exchanged between non-sister chromatids at crossover points known as chiasmata (crossing-over) |
| Metaphase | |
| Metaphase -The chromosomes assemble at the equator at the metaphase plate | Metaphase I Chromosomes adjust on the metaphase plate. Chromosomes are still intact and arranged as pairs of homologues |
| Anaphase | |
| Anaphase – The spindle fibres begin to contract. This starts to pull the sister chromatids apart. At the end of anaphase, a complete set of daughter chromosomes is found each pole | Anaphase I Sister chromatids stay intact. However, homologous chromosomes drift to the opposite or reverse poles |
| Mode of Reproduction | |
| Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
| Occurrence | |
| All the cells | Reproductive cells |
| Function | |
| General growth and repair, Cell reproduction | Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction |
| Cytokinesis | |
| Occurs in Telophase | Occurs in Telophase I and in Telophase II |
| Discovered by | |
| Walther Flemming | Oscar Hertwig |
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Sia ? 4 years, 4 months ago (6945213)
A cell reference in Excel refers to the value of a different cell or cell range on the current worksheet or a different worksheet within the spreadsheet. A cell reference can be used as a variable in a formula.
There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. Relative and absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant, no matter where they are copied.
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