When the ironmaster seems to Stranger he was lying close to the furnace , his appearance was shabby ,hanging rattraps ,uncut beard etc. kindly he wanted to help him and invite him to christmas cheer.

Charlie was a young man living in New York. He was married to Louisa. Charlie's hobby was stamp-collection (philately). Charlie appeared to be suffering from fear, insecurity and fear of the war-ridden world. He was looking for an escape from this world. His longing for some idyllic and peaceful place like Galesburg made him stray to a corridor at Grand Central Station that took him to the Third Level of the station from where one could take train to the past, year 1894.

When he shared this incidence with his wife, she felt angry at it; she asked him to see his psychiatrist friend, Sam. Sam explained the unique experience to be Charlie’s waking dream wish fulfillment. He further explained it could have happened because of his unhappiness or hobby of stamp collection.  

"A drunk mind speaks a sober heart" is a saying often attributed to French Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jaques Rousseau, himself quite a drunk. The idea is that when we are drunk we lose our inhibitions and allow ourselves to verbalize our true thoughts and feelings, bringing our true personality traits to light.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the model of economic transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe which was influenced by the WB and IMF came to be known as ‘shock therapy. 

Consequences of the Shock Therapy

The shock therapy ruined the economies of Russia and east European countries.

• About 90% of industries in Russia were put up for sale to private individuals and companies
• Since restructuring was carried out by market driven forces and not by the government implement policies, there was a disappearance of almost all industries in the region. Valuable industries were undervalued and were sold at throwaway prices. This came to be known as “the largest garage sale in history”.
• The value of the Russian currency, ruble declined considerably. People lost all their savings because of high rate of inflation.
• The collective farms disintegrated leaving people without any food security. Russia began to import food. Its old trading structure broke down without any alternative in its place.
• The government withdrew subsidies on various goods and services which further pushed people into poverty. In such a situation mafia began to control economic activities in Russia. Privatisation led to greater inequalities among the people
• Establishment of democracy was not given a priority. Constitutions of the former republics of the USSR gave wide powers to the President. The President in some eastern European countries became dictators.

The economies of the eastern European countries including Russia began to revive from year 2000 onwards.

National income is measured by the output method by calculating the total value of goods and services produced in the country during the year. The money value of goods and services produced in an economy in an accounting year is called Gross National Product (GNP). there are several methods of calculating national income. The three most common methods are the value-added method, the income method, and the expenditure method. The value-added method focuses on the value added to a product at each stage of its production.

• The word ‘hegemony’ means the leadership or predominance of one state over others by virtue of its military, economic, political power and cultural superiority.
• Politics is all about gaining power. In world politics, countries and groups of countries are engaged in constantly trying to gain and retain power.
• It is important to understand the distribution of power among the countries of the world in order to understand world politics.

East India Company recognised the importance and significance of zamindars but it also wanted to control, regulate and subdue their authority. To limit the authority of zamindars:

• The Company disbanded the troop organised by zamindars, custom duties were abolished and ‘cutcheries’ or local court organised by zamindars were brought under supervision of company.
• The company appointed collector and gave power to supervise these courts, over the period of time collectorate emerged as centre of authority.
• The power to organise local justice and the local police, was also abolished.
• The Permanent Settlement system was also limited, the power to the zamindars to collect rent from the ryot and manage their zamindari.
  So by these above steps, influence of zamindar was reduced by the company.