The fear of dying, which struck William Douglas while going down the Y.M.C.A pool intensified his urge to live and thus, he tried all the ways possible to come up and save himself.

According to the Greek belief, the stone of anointing is a place where Christ was removed from the cross. ... (j) The woman knelt down to pray looking at the large marble slab and wanted to hide her tears as she became very sentimental. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher is the most sacred site in the world for millions of Christians. This if the site of the crucifixion, burial and resurrection of Jesus. ... During its early days in the Byzantine era, it was larger and known as “The Resurrection Church”, commemorating Jesus' rise from the dead.

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and stops before a specified number. Basically in python range(n) iterates n times, which is of exclusive nature that is why it does not give last value when it is being printed, we can create a function which gives inclusive value it means it will also print last value mentioned in range.

Naturalisation of human: During the early periods of human history, men and women were greatly influenced by their surrounding environment as they used low level of technology. Also, at this time, human social development was in the earliest stages. So, humans were dictated by nature and its forces. Thus, humans were naturalised because they were afraid of nature and worshipped it. This is known as naturalisation of humans. This naturalisation of humans is termed environmental determinism.
Environmental determinism considers humans as passive agents as their decisions, attitudes and way of life are affected by nature. For example, forest dwellers and tribal societies who live deep in the forest or in secluded mountainous regions

Humanisation of Nature: With the passage of time, humans began to understand their natural surroundings and the forces of nature. As humans began to form social groups and settled at a place, they developed new and efficient means of technology which helped them to use natural resources. Humans create possibilities with the resources obtained from nature. For example, they create orchards and entertainment resorts near adventurous places. This humanisation of nature is termed possibilism

Reasons why the division of states on basis of language was a good idea:

1.    It ensures that people of a state are united in terms of language and hence a state’s identity can evolve.

2.    It helps smooth functioning of state government offices, because then there will be only one official state language.

3.    Regional languages and culture get a boost continuously. This encourages regional language literature as well. It adds to the ethnic diversity of the nation.

4.    With everyone understanding one local language, it is easier for government projects to be implemented even at the village level.

Reasons why the division of states on basis of language was not a good idea:

1.    It led to unequal formation of states in terms of geographical area and population density.

2.    It led to increased discrimination among people from different states.

3.    Linguistic/state identity can become stronger than national identity (as shown in the movie ‘Chak De India’).

4.    It encourages further division of states based on language. 

Electric current flowing through a conductor I = nAqV_d

where A = cross-sectional area of the conductor, n= number of conduction electrons per unit volume, q is the charge of an electron and V_d is the drift velocity.

Curie point, also called Curie Temperature, temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties. ... In the case of rocks and minerals, remanent magnetism appears below the Curie point—about 570 °C (1,060 °F) for the common magnetic mineral magnetite. In a paramagnetic material, the magnetization of the material is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field. However, if the material is heated, this proportionality is reduced: for a fixed value of the field, the magnetization is inversely proportional to temperature.

The basic building block of a protein is called an amino acid. There are 20 amino acids in the proteins you eat and in the proteins within your body, and they link together to form large protein molecules. The variety of ways they mix and match allows for the great diversity of proteins in nature. Understanding the structure of amino acids and how they relate to the proteins they create can help you appreciate how critical these nutrients are in your diet.

Nitric oxide becomes brown when released in air.

AAPHER stands for American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. It has created a physical fitness test which has six test items designed to measure the physical fitness of boys and girls in grades five to twelve. The six items are:

1. Pull ups: It judges the arm and shoulder girdle strength. This item has to be done using the overhead grasp from a hanging position on the bar. The arms and legs should be fully extended. The person should raise his body with his arms until the chin is above the bar. Then he should lower the body to the full hanging position. While doing this, the knees should not be bent. The number of completed pull-ups is the person's score.

For girls the pull ups have to be started from a flexed arm hang.

2. Flexed Leg Situps: It judges the efficiency of the abdominal and hip flexor muscles. The person should lie on his back with knees flexed. The hands should be placed at the back of the neck. Fingers should be clasped and the elbows should touch the mat. The person should raise his head and elbows forward until the elbows touch the knees. This is considered to be one sit-up. The score depends on the number of correct sit-ups a person performs in 60 seconds.

3. Shuttle Run: It judges the speed and change of direction. Two parallel lines are drawn 30 feet apart. Two wooden blocks are placed behind one line. When the signal 'Ready', 'Go' is given the person who is standing behind the other line should run and pick up one block. He should run back and place the block behind the starting line. He should repeat the same with the second block. He is given two trials. The better one out of the two trials (nearest to the 10th of a second), is the score of the person.

4. Standing Long Jump: It judges the explosive power of the leg muscles. The person has to stand behind a take-off line with his feet apart. Then he has to jump forward. He is given three trials. The best jump is his score.

5. 50 Yard Dash or Sprint: It judges speed. Two lines are drawn 50 yards apart. The person has to run from the start to the finish line. The time taken is recorded in seconds (nearest to the 10th of a second), this is his score.

6. 600 Yard Run: It judges the person's endurance. In this, the person has to run for a distance of 600 yards. The person can walk in between. But the goal is to cover the distance in the shortest time. The time taken to cover the distance is recorded in minutes and seconds.

1. Electronic configuration of group 15 members: general electronic configuration is ns²np³.

• Nitrogen (N) [He]2s²,2p³
• Phosphorous (P) [Ne]3s²,3p³
• Arsenic(As) [Ar]3d¹⁰,4s²,4p³
• Antimony (Sb) [Kr]4d¹⁰,5s²,5p³
• Bismuth (Bi) [Xe]4f¹⁴,5d¹⁰,6s²,6p³

1. Electronic configuration of group 15 members: general electronic configuration is ns²np³.

• Nitrogen (N) [He]2s²,2p³
• Phosphorous (P) [Ne]3s²,3p³
• Arsenic(As) [Ar]3d¹⁰,4s²,4p³
• Antimony (Sb) [Kr]4d¹⁰,5s²,5p³
• Bismuth (Bi) [Xe]4f¹⁴,5d¹⁰,6s²,6p³

A typical partnership form of business will always have the following basic features.

1. Agreement

The definition of the partnership itself makes it clear that there must exist an agreement between partners to work together and share profits amongst them. Partners may make such an agreement either orally or in writing. If it exists in written form, we refer to such an agreement as a partnership deed.

2. Business

The existence of a business is an essential feature of partnerships. There can be no formal partnership under the Partnership Act if the partners carry out charitable activities. Section 2 says that business includes any trade, profession or occupation. What is essential is that the firm must work with the intention of earning profits.

3. Profit sharing

A partnership does not exist unless partners share the profits of their firm. A person who works for the partnership business without having a share in its profits may be an employee, but not a partner. It is noteworthy to point out that the law only requires the sharing of profits amongst partners. Consequently, all partners need not share losses as well.

• The partnership firm can be a legally-recognized entity, unlike sole proprietorships wherein the owner and business are treated alike.
• The partnership firm must conduct some form of business. Companies, however, can exist for conducting purely charitable objectives as well.

Direct taxes are taxes on income, property, capital gains etc. On the other hand, indirect taxes are taxes on goods and services. ... Now, in the case of indirect taxes, the rich and poor should pay equal tax rate while they purchase a commodity. Here, indirect taxes don't consider the income of the consumer. While direct taxes are imposed on income and profits, indirect taxes are levied on goods and services. A major difference between direct and indirect tax is the fact that while direct tax is directly paid to the government, there is generally an intermediary for collecting indirect taxes from the end-consumer.

Even though vaccines based on recombinant proteins offer several advantages when compared with traditional vaccines, such as safety and production cost, most of them present weak or poor immunogenicity when given alone, and thereby require the use of adjuvants to elicit a protective and long-lasting immune response. The successful use of recombinant proteins as vaccines, including hepatitis B and, more recently, HPV, was possible due to the use of aluminium salt as adjuvant. Therefore, the investigation of new adjuvants is an extremely important field in vaccinology. The main difficulties for the development of new adjuvants involve understanding their molecular complexity and the mechanisms by which they operate to stimulate or induce the immune response. For example, the mechanism of action of the aluminum salts, which are the most commonly used adjuvants in human and animal vaccines worldwide, remains unknown. However, Richard Flavell's group recently suggested that they would activate an intracellular innate immune response system called Nalp3 inflammosome. An alternative path for antigen presentation has been the use of live vectors, such as bacteria and viruses, in which their natural adjuvant properties are explored. Formulation and safety, among other concerns, are also important aspects to be considered.

The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of a new era, defined by the decline of all European colonial empires and simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (USA).

(1) Power scarcity that characterised the classical international system got replaced by power surplus (Nuclear weapons, overkill capacity and two super powers) in the new system.

(2) The Balance of power got replaced by a Balance of Terror.

(3) The formulation and implementation of foreign policy became a more complicated and democratic exercise.

(4) A big change in world political relations took place as a result of the rise of new states, and the liquidation of imperialism and colonialism.

(5) Peace, security, development and prosperity for all the nations got recognized as a value in international relations.

(6) There developed an arms race between the two super powers and the exercise became more dangerous because of the birth of nuclear arms race.

(7) Because of increase in the number of states, there came to be developed several new problems and international relations became highly complex.

(8) The presence of the United Nations gave a new look to the post-war international system.

(9) New and Open Diplomacy came to replace the old and secret diplomacy.

(10) The presence of two competing, in fact rival super powers set the stage for the emergence of cold war and bi-polarity in international relations.

(11) The transformation of war into a total war made it much more dreaded and the nations became more and more interested in preserving international peace and security.

(12) All the nations became conscious of the need for preserving peace through a better and effective device of power management i.e. collective security.

Thus the Second World War had a big impact on the nature of international relations. Post-War International system came to be a system totally different from the pre-war international system.

After the Second World War, the International System came to be a totally different system from the classical (19th century) international system. The classical international system was Euro-centric and it worked on the principles of balance of power, war as a means, secret diplomacy as an instrument, and narrow nationalism as its objective.

It came to be replaced by a new international system which was characterised by two super powers, cold war, bipolarity, non-alignment, anti-imperialism, the UNO, the presence of several new sovereign states in the world, N-weapons and the threat of Total War. This new international system continued to work, almost unchanged, till the last decade of the 20th century when it came to be a Post-Cold War, Unipolar International System experiencing a new liberalisation and globalisation.