Human capital affects economic growth and can help to develop an economy by expanding the knowledge and skills of its people. The level of economic growth driven by consumer spending and business investment determine the amount of skilled labor needed.

(i) there is significant long-run relationship between human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. This is confirmed by the Johansen co-integration. (ii) It was estimated from the VECM, 1% increase in the government expenditure on education (TEDU), on the average led to 23.8% increase in GDP while.

Disinvestment refers: to reducing the holdings of the government in public sector undertaking in part or in full, e.g. The Government of India is undertaking disinvestment by selling its shares in the Maruti Udyog. It is a capital receipt of the government, as it reduces assets of the government.

Disinvestment refers: to reducing the holdings of the government in public sector undertaking in part or in full, e.g. The Government of India is undertaking disinvestment by selling its shares in the Maruti Udyog. It is a capital receipt of the government, as it reduces assets of the government. The receipts from dis-investments of public-sector undertaking does not create any debt, therefore, it comes under non-debt capital receipts.

Government receipts which neither (i) create liabilities nor (ii) reduce assets are called revenue receipts. These are proceeds of taxes, interest and dividend on government investment, cess and other receipts for services rendered by the government. These are current income receipts of the government from all sources. Government revenue is the means for government expenditure. In the same way as production is means for consumption. Revenue receipts are further classified Into Tax Revenue and Non­tax Revenue. The main difference between revenue receipts and capital receipts is that in the case of revenue receipts, government is under no future obligation to return the amount, i.e., they are non-redeemable. But In case of capital receipts which are borrowings, government is under obligation to return the amount along with Interest.

Revenue Receipts:

Government receipts which neither (i) create liabilities nor (ii) reduce assets are called revenue receipts. These are proceeds of taxes, interest and dividend on government investment, cess and other receipts for services rendered by the government. These are current income receipts of the government from all sources. Government revenue is the means for government expenditure. In the same way as production is means for consumption. Revenue receipts are further classified Into Tax Revenue and Non­tax Revenue as explained in Section 9.6.

Capital Receipts:

Government receipts which either (i) create liabilities (e.g. borrowing) or (ii) reduce assets (e.g. disinvestment) are called capital receipts. Thus when govt. raises funds either by incurring a liability or by disposing off its assets, it is called a capital receipt.

TCS is the largest Indian company by market capitalization. TCS is now placed among the most valuable IT services brands worldwide. 

Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. These theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterization of basic components of personality. It tries to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into the smaller number of personality traits. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping but also engage in behaviors that involve other social components. Thus, the trait approach attempts to identify the primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviors that are activated according to the demands of the situation.

1. The type approaches attempts to comprehend human personality by examining certain broad patterns in the observed behavioral characteristics of individuals while the trait approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals tend to differ inconsistent and stable ways.

2. Each behavioral pattern of type approach refers to one type in which individuals are placed in terms of the similarity of their behavioral characteristics with that pattern while in trait approach refers to the degree of presence or absence of the concerned behavioral quality on which individuals can be rated.

In snapdragon (Antirrhinum ****) the cross between a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (rr) results in all pink flowered (Rr) plants in the F1 generation. A self-cross between two F1 plants results in red, pink and white flowers in the ratio of 1:2:1.  The genotype of the resulting plants is also in the ratio of 1:2:1 for RR (red), Rr (pink) and rr (white) flowered plants. The cross can be shown as in the image. This is called incomplete dominance. Due to this reason, the F2​ phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratios are same in a cross between red-flowered and white flowered snapdragon plants.

Urbanisation is the process of change from rural to an urban population. It is not only a demographic growth of villages leading to the formation of cities. It is also a change from quantitative living pattern to qualitative.

Following a policy of ‘neutrality’ on global issues.

The order from Berlin brought all the routine hustle-bustle of the school life to a stand- still. The teacher, M. Hamel, became more sympathetic to his students and taught his lessons with more patience. The students became more attentive in their classes. The villagers, who were sitting at the usually empty back benches and had come to show their respect and gratitude to M. Hamel, regretted not going to school more than they did. The order also brought about a great change in the feelings of the people towards their country and their native language. There was a general sadness about not being able to utilise the opportunities of learning French when it was easily accessible.

Edla was a clever judge of human character. The moment she saw the rattrap seller whom her father had mistaken for an old acquaintance, she read him rightly. Her kindness and caring nature transformed the unscrupulous vagabond into a good human being.

Microbes play an important role in organic farming, which is done without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Bio-fertilizers are living organisms which help increase the fertility of soil. It involves the selection of beneficial micro-organisms that help in improving plant growth through the supply of plant nutrients. Bio-fertilizers are introduced in seeds, roots, or soil to mobilize the availability of nutrients. Thus, they are extremely beneficial in enriching the soil with organic nutrients. Many species of bacteria and cyanobacteria have the ability to fix free atmospheric nitrogen. Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacteria found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Azospirillium and Azotobocter are free living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, whereas Anabena, Nostoc andOscillitoria are examples of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Bio-fertilizers are cost effective and eco-friendly.

There are three levels of packaging.

A) Primary packaging- lt refers to the immediate packing of product. It remains with product till it is used. For eg. match box etc.

B)Secondary packaging- These are additional packings which gives more protection.Generally consumers thrown that when they start using the product. For example cardboard box used to keep toothpaste.

C)Transportation packaging-These are packagings used for storing for transporting the goods. This packaging gives protection to goods. for example corrugated boxes used to shift Ruffles lays, Kurkure etc.