In trisomy, there is an extra copy of ONE chromosome in an egg or sperm cell.  As a result, after fertilisation the foetus has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.  An example of this is Downs Syndrome, in which there is an extra chromosome 21. 

In triploidy, the foetus has an entire extra set of chromosomes -- so it has 69 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.  A triploid foetus almost always results in miscarriage or stillbirth.  There is too much genetic material for the baby to survive.  If it is born, it dies in infancy. 

Source Code: Using if...elif...else

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if num > 0:

  print("Positive number")

elif num == 0:

  print("Zero")

else:

  print("Negative number")

Source Code: Using Nested if

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if num >= 0:

  if num == 0:

      print("Zero")

  else:

      print("Positive number")

else:

  print("Negative number")

• When amide is treated with Br2​ in aqueous or ethanolic solution of NaOH, degradation of amide results in formation of primary amine.
• Primary amine formed contains one carbon less than the number of carbon atoms in amide.

     O

      ∣∣

R−C−NH2​+Br2​+4NaOH⟶R−NH2​+Na2​CO3​+2NaBr+2H2​O

Mechanism:

• Base attacks amide deprotonating it and generating anion.
• Anion reacts with Br2​ forming bromoamide.
• Deprotonation of bromoamide occurs forming bromoamide anion which undergoes rearrangement forming isocyanate.
• Isocyanate forms carbamic acid by addition of H2​O molecules.
• Decarboxylation of carbamic acid occurs forming primary amine.

How satisfied are you with the an

Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions: The law states that limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation of the electrolyte.

When highly qualified, trained and skilled people migrate from a their home country to another country it is regarded as brain drain.

People generally migrate for better job opportunities and higher income. This leads to loss of quality people in the home country. 

For example engineers migrating from India to the US for better opportunities is a brain drain for India. 

The ratio of change in consumption (C) to change in income (Y) is known as marginal propensity to consume. It indicates the proportion of additional income that is being spent on consumption.
MPC=ΔCΔY
The sum of MPC and MPS is equal to one. It can be proved as under: We know: ΔY = ΔC + ΔS
Dividing both sides by AY, we get,ΔY/ΔY=ΔC/ΔY + ΔS/ΔY or 1=MPC+MPS
[ΔY/ΔY=1; ΔC/ΔY =MPC ΔS/ΔY=MPS]
MPC + MPS = 1 because total increment in income is either used for consumption or for saving.

Carbohydrates are macronutrients and are one of the three main ways by which our body obtains its energy. They are called carbohydrates as they comprise carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen at their chemical level. Carbohydrates are essential nutrients which include sugars, fibers, and starches. They are found in grains, vegetables, fruits, and in milk and other dairy products. They are the basic food groups which play an important role in a healthy life.

 बाजारुपन से तात्पर्य ऊपरी चमक-दमक से है। जब सामान बेचने वाले बेकार की चीजों को आकर्षक बनाकर बेचने लगते हैं, तब बाज़ार में बाजारुपन आ जाता है।

जो विक्रेता, ग्राहकों का शोषण नहीं करते और छल-कपट से ग्राहकों को लुभाने का प्रयास नहीं करते साथ ही जो ग्राहक अपनी आवश्यकताओं की चीजें खरीदते हैं वे बाजार को सार्थकता प्रदान करते हैं। इस प्रकार विक्रेता और ग्राहक दोनों ही बाज़ार को सार्थकता प्रदान करते हैं।
मनुष्य की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति करने में ही बाजार की सार्थकता है।

The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life’s processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights on cell structure and function.

Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external environment. The cell membrane is present in all the cells.
• The cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell within which all other organelles, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma membrane.
• By structure, it is a porous membrane (with pores) which permit the movement of selective substances in and out of the cell.  Besides this, the cell membrane also protects the cellular component from damage and leakage.
• It forms the wall-like structure between two cells as well as between the cell and its surroundings.
• Plants are immobile, so their cell structures are well-adapted to protect them from external factors. The cell wall helps to reinforce this function.

Cell Wall

• The cell wall is the most prominent part of the plant’s cell structure. It is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
• The cell wall is present exclusively in plant cells. It protects the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is also the outermost layer of plant cells.
• It is a rigid and stiff structure surrounding the cell membrane.
• It provides shape and support to the cells and protects them from mechanical shocks and injuries.

Cytoplasm

• The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
• Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.
• The cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, are suspended in this cytoplasm.

Nucleus

• The nucleus contains the hereditary material of the cell, the DNA.
• It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die.
• The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell.
• The nucleus protects the DNA  and is an integral component of a plant’s cell structure.

The 'Medical nutrition therapy' (MNT) is a 'therapeutic process' for treating 'medical conditions' and their 'associated symptoms' by the use of a 'specifically tailored diet chart' and 'monitored' by a 'medical doctor' or by the registered dietitian.

• Example: The 'medical nutrition therapy' for diabetes is to help to control 'optimal blood glucose control'.

A meal plan contains whole food, 'high in nutrients' and low in 'saturated fat, sodium and added sugar'.