Survival Needs

Survival needs, or physiological needs, are the most basic needs that anyone requires in order to survive. These include things like food, water, air, clothing, shelter, and sleep.

It can be very difficult to learn or develop new behaviors and skills without successful fulfillment of survival needs.

Safety Needs

Everyone needs to feel safe. Safety needs include how we need to feel secure in our surroundings. We want to be safe. We do not want to feel threatened by or experience violence or dangerous situations.

Safety needs are also about security. People, in their own way, need to feel secure with certain aspects of their lives, such as where they live or how secure they are with their job or whether they have financial stability.

 ‘People fawn over them and ask us questions.’ Fawn over in the above line refers to …………………………. .
(i) try to cheat someone
(ii) try to please someone
(iii) hate someone
(iv) both (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(ii) try to please someone

Ordinary people of this empire spoke different languages and followed different religious traditions.

There were some small traders and local merchants use to live in cities, trade centres, port towns and villages. Local communities of merchants known as kudirai chettis or horse merchants participated in exchanges.

Pensants, workers, slaves etc. were including in ordinary people. There were ordinary Brahmanas, traders and women also. Different odd works and jobs were taken by ordinary people as a labourer.

The workers were called ‘Vipravinodin’. This class consisted of ironsmiths, goldsmiths, carpenters, sculpture-makers etc. who often quarrelled mutually for their rights. The Vellore inscription of 1555 tells that there was a quarrel between the peasants and the artists. It seems that during that period, need was felt to frame laws for the society to execute social justice.

A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed with each lobe having two theca, thus they are called dithecous.

Microsporangium is nearly circular in outline. It is surrounded by four wall layers that is the epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and the tapetum. The outer three wall layers perform the function of protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release the pollen. The innermost wall layer is the tapetum which nourishes the developing pollen grains. Cells of the tapetum possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus. When the anther is young, a group of compactly arranged homogenous cells called the sporogenous tissue occupies the centre of each microsporangium.

• In genetics, Pleiotropy is defined as the expression of multiple traits by a single gene.
• Pleiotropy is derived from a Greek word meaning more ways.
• A simple example of a Pleiotropy is phenylketonuria is a disease. It is a genetic disorder caused by the low metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body cells.

The role of the United Nations as the most important international organisation was as:

1. UN provides a platform for discussing contentious issues and finding solutions.
2. It helps member states to resolve their problems peacefully.
3. There are certain issues that can not be dealt with individually by any one state. So, states can come together to solve the issue.
4. It promotes development and cooperation among states.
5. Works for preventing international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among member states.

The role of the United Nations as the most important international organisation was as:

1. UN provides a platform for discussing contentious issues and finding solutions.
2. It helps member states to resolve their problems peacefully.
3. There are certain issues that can not be dealt with individually by any one state. So, states can come together to solve the issue.
4. It promotes development and cooperation among states.
5. Works for preventing international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among member states.

Fixture of 7 teams in league tournament in cyclic methodnumber of matches = n(n-1)/2n

 no. of teams = 7(7-1)/2

= (7x6)/2 = 42/2 = 21 matches

Total no. of rounds = 7

Perceptions each employee holds about his workplace. Depending on the personality of the worker, the communication level of coworkers and managers and the overall workplace environment, the way employees perceive their jobs can be quite different from what actually exists. People perceive things differently. We choose to select different aspects of a message to focus our attention based on what interests us, what is familiar to us, or what we consider important. Often, our listening skills could use improvement. Listening and thinking are directly related.

The superpowers needed military alliances with smaller countries due to the following reasons:
(i) To gain access to vital resources, such as oil and minerals.

(ii) To gain access to territory, from where the superpowers could launch their weapons and troops.
(iii) To gain access to locations from where they could spy on each other.

Franz was not scolded for reaching the school; late on that day because everyone was very sad because of the notice. As per the notice, it was instructed that French would not be taught in the schools, instead, German would be taught from the next day onward. It was M.Hamel's last lesson in French and because of this reason, there was a sense of grief and sadness everywhere.

Electrochemical Cells

The chemical changes which involve the flow of electric current are called electrochemical changes.

These are broadly of two types:

1) Electrochemical cells or Galvanic cells

These constitute the electrochemical reactions in which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. In these cells, spontaneous redox reaction is used to generate an electric current.

The devices in which chemical energy of a spontaneous redox reaction is converted into electrical energy are called electrochemical cells or galvanic cells. In these devices, the Gibbs energy of the spontaneous redox reaction is converted into electrical work which may be used for running a motor or other electrical gadgets like heater, fan, geyser, etc.

An early example of a galvanic cell is a Daniel cell which was invented by the British chemist John Daniel in 1836. Daniel cell was constructed on the basis of the following spontaneous redox reaction :

Zn (s) + Cu²⁺ (aq) ⇔ Zn²⁺ (aq) + Cu (s)

Molar conductivity

Molar conductivity of a solution at a given concentration is the conductance of volume V of a solution containing one mole of electrolyte kept between two electrodes with an area of cross-section A and distance of unit length.

Ʌ_m = К/c

Here,

c = concentration in moles per volume
К = specific conductivity
Ʌ_m = molar conductivity.

Butenal on oxidation gives butanoic acid.

Butanoic acid can be obtained by oxidation of butan-1-ol.

The most common reagent used for oxidation of alcohols is chromium (Vl) reagents including chromic acid (H₂CrO_4­), potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and chromic anhydride (CrO₃).

Answer:
When Douglas decided to overcome his childhood fear of water he preferred to go to YMCA swimming pool to learn swimming because it was safe. It was only two or three feet deep at the shallow end; and although it was nine feet at the other end, the drop was quite gradual.

What lesson did Douglas learn when he got rid of his fear of water?

Answer : After getting rid of his fear of water, Douglas realised that what one has to fear is fear itself and if he is able to overcome fear, he can achieve anything he wants.

"Tryst with Destiny" was a speech delivered by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, to the Indian Constituent Assembly in the Parliament, on the eve of India's Independence, towards midnight on 14 August 1947. It spoke on the aspects that transcend India's history. Throughout his 17-year leadership, Nehru advocated democratic socialism and secularism and encouraged India's industrialization beginning with the implementation of the first of his five-year plans in 1951, which emphasized the importance of increasing agricultural production.

The instructor built a swimmer out of Douglas piece by piece. For three months he held him high on a rope attached to his belt. He went back and forth across the pool. Panic seized the author every time. The instructor taught Douglas to put his face underwater and exhale and to raise his nose and inhale. Then Douglas had to kick with his legs for many weeks till these relaxed. After seven months the instructor told him to swim the length of the pool.

Answer:
Douglas first became afraid of water when he was three years old and had gone to the California beach with his father. He went under a wave for a few seconds and though he was not in any kind of danger, yet he developed a fear of water.