AAHPER Youths fitness test is for measuring

(a) General motor ability

(b) Motor fitness

(c) Motor educability

(d) All the above.

Ans: B

विकासशील देशों में नगरीय बस्तियों की समस्याएँ विकासशील देशों में नगरीय बस्तियों की प्रमुख समस्याएँ निम्नलिखित हैं
1. मलिन बस्तियों में वृद्धि – बड़े नगरों का आकार मुख्यत: ग्रामीण जनसंख्या का नगरों की ओर प्रवास है। ये लोग रोजगार की तलाश में नगरों की ओर प्रस्थान करते हैं। नगर में अनियमित, अनियोजित तथा अनियन्त्रित रूप से मलिन बस्तियाँ बनने लगती हैं। बड़े नगरों में यह समस्या विशेष रूप से उत्पन्न हो जाती है।

2. नगरीय विस्तार – जैसे ही नगरों की जनसंख्या बढ़ती है वे चारों ओर बाहर की ओर फैलते हैं और कृषि योग्य भूमि का हरण करते हैं। वृहद् नगरों के आस-पास उपनगर बन जाते हैं। इस तरह नगर और अधिक विस्तृत हो जाते हैं।

3. सुगम यातायात की समस्या – नगरों में अनियमित बस्तियों के फैलाव से अनेक समस्याएँ उत्पन्न हो गई हैं। इनमें से एक प्रमुख समस्या सुगम यातायात की समस्या भी है। नगरों में बढ़ती भीड़ को परिवहन की आवश्यकता होती है, जिससे यातायात प्रभावित हो जाता है।

4. प्रदूषण – नगरों के अनियमित तथा अनियोजित विकास से विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रदूषणों का विकास होता है।

5. अन्य समस्याएँ – उपर्युक्त समस्याओं के अलावा नगरीय बस्तियों में कुछ अन्य समस्याएँ भी पायी जाती हैं; जैसे-सीवर प्रणाली, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, बिजली, बेरोजगारी, सामाजिक प्रदूषण आदि।

Dr. Sadao was not sent to the battlefield the troops because of two reasons.
(1) He had perfected a discovery which would render wounds entirely clean
(2) The General might have needed some operation urgently and Dr. Sadao was the best doctor
available for need.

Sadao was a famous surgeon and scientist. He had mastered the art of healing wounds. The old General of Japan had full faith in his abilities as a surgeon. He did not believe any other doctor. He was not keeping good health and could require a surgery any time, so Sadao was not sent with the troops abroad.

Combination of Tournament

Combination Tournament are those tournament in which initial round of tournament are played on particular basis (knock-out or league) and rest of the tournament played on another particular basis 

Fixtures

No. of teams = 16

For combination tournament teams are divided into four equal parts.

Group = 16/4 =  4

Group A (First four teams.)

Group B (Second four teams) (Attempting any one fixture either knock out or

Group C (Third four teams)

Group D (Last four teams)

Round I-- Group A

Round I-- Group A

Winner of each Team will participate in league tournament.

League Tournament

4, 7, 12, 13

No of matches for league tournament

Fixture of league tournament by stair case method

From the very beginning, Douglas was much eager to learn swimming. When he was three or four years old, his father took him to the beach in California. He was standing in the surf. A strong wave knocked him down and he was buried in water. His breath was gone. He was much frightened but his father was holding him. Even then, the boy was much terrified by the destructive force of the wave. He developed an aversion to water.

Next time, when he was ten or eleven years old he resolved to learn swimming. He went to the Y.M.C.A. pool at Yakima. He was sitting there alone waiting for others to come. A big muscular boy addressed him ‘Skinny’ and asked him to be ducked. He tossed up Douglas and threw him into the deep end of the pool. He went down to the bottom and got panicky. This experience further strengthened the terror and fear of water in his mind and personality.

मानव विकास, स्वास्थ्य भौतिक पर्यावरण से लेकर आर्थिक, सामाजिक और राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता तक सभी प्रकार के मानव विकल्पों को सम्मिलित करते हुए लोगों के विकल्पों में विस्तार और उनके शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं तथा सशक्तीकरण के अवसरों में वृद्धि की प्रक्रिया है।

मानव विकास के उपागम-

1. आय उपागम - आय का स्तर किसी व्याक्ति द्वारा भोगी जा रही स्वतंत्रता के स्तर को परिलक्षित करता है। आय का स्तर ऊँचा होने पर, मानव विकास का स्तर भी ऊँचा होगा ।
2. कल्याण उपागम - यह उपागम शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, सामाजिक सुरक्षा और सुख - साधनों पर उच्चतर सरकारी व्यय का तर्क देता है। सरकार कल्याण पर अधिकतम व्यय करके मानव विकास के स्तरों में वृद्धि करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
3. आधारभूत-आवश्यकता उपागम - मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं की व्यवस्था पर जोर दिया गया है। इसमें छ: न्यूनतम आवश्यकताओ - स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, भोजन, जलापूर्ति, स्वच्छता और आवास की पहचान की गई थी ।
4. क्षमता उपागम - संसाधनो तक पहुँच के क्षेत्रों में मानव क्षमताओं का निर्माण बढ़ते मानव विकास की कुंजी है।

The new Companies Act 2013 has prescribed the maximum number of members in case of a partnership firm should not be more than 100 in case of partnerships. As per the previous Companies Act 1956, the maximum limit in case of partnerships was 10 and 20 for banking business and other businesses respectively.

1. Advertisement:

It is a method of recruitment frequently used for skilled workers, clerical and higher staff. Advertisement can be given in newspapers and professional journals. These advertisements attract applicants in large number of highly variable quality.

Preparing good advertisement is a specialised task. If a company wants to conceal its name, a ‘blind advertisement’ may be given asking the applicants to apply to Post Bag or Box Number or to some advertising agency.

b)  The important steps in the process of selection are as follows
(i) Preliminary Screening It helps the manager eliminate unqualified or unfit job seekers based on the information supplied in the application forms.
(ii) Selection Tests An employment test is a mechanism that attempts to measure certain characteristics of individuals. These range from aptitudes, such as manual dexterity, to intelligence to personality.
(iii) Employment Interview Interview is a formal, in depth conversation conducted to evaluate the applicant’s suitability for the job.
(iv) Reference and Background Checks Many employers request names, addresses and telephone numbers of references for the purpose of verifying information and gaining additional on an applicant.
(v) Selection Decision The final decision has to be made among the candidates who pass the tests, interviews and reference checks.
(vi) Medical Examination Before the candidate is given a job offer he/she is required to go through a medical test.
(vii) Job Offer Job offer is made through a letter of appointment/confirm his acceptance. Such a letter generally contains a date by which the appointee must report on duty.
(viii) Contract of Employment After the job offer has been made and candidate accepts the offer, certain documents need to be executed by the employer and the candidate. There is also a need for preparing a contract of employment. It includes job title, duties, responsibilities, date when continuous employment starts etc.

Franz entered the school. He noticed many unusual things in the school. It was all so still, calm and quiet like Sunday morning. The whole school looked strange and solemn. There was no hustle and bustle. The rapping of the teacher’s ruler on the table was not heard. The voice of the students repeating the lessons and the opening and closing of the desks was not heard. It was quite unusual and surprising.

The Limits to Growth” is written by Meadows.

Textbook Extract:

The notion of sustainable development emerged in the wake of general rise in the awareness of environmental issues in the late 1960s in the Western World. It reflected the concern of people about undesirable effects of industrial development on environment. The publication of ‘The Population Bomb’ by Ehrlich in 1968 and ‘The Limits to Growth’ by Meadows and others in 1972 further raised the level of fear among environmentalists in particular and people in general. This sets the scenario for the emergence of new models of development under a broad phrase ‘sustainable development.’.

The group of methane-producing anaerobic bacteria is called as methanogens. Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Methanogens produce methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas by the anaerobic digestion of cellulosic plant part. Thus, methanogens helps in producing biogas.

A n s w e r  is AS FOLLOWS:
ब्रिटिश-काल में अंग्रेजी शासकों ने कई छावनियाँ बनाई जिन्हे 'गैरिसन नगर' कहते हैं। अंबाला, जालंधर, महू, बबीना, उधमपुर इत्यादि इसके उदहारण हैं।

Fiscal deficit is defined as excess of total expenditure over total receipts excluding borrowings during a fiscal year. In simple words, it is the amount of borrowing the government has to resort to meet its expenses. A large deficit means a large amount of borrowing. Fiscal deficit is a measure of how much the government needs to borrow from the market to meet its expenditure when its revenues are inadequate. In the form of an equation:
Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure - Total Receipts excluding Borrowings = Borrowing
If we add borrowing, fiscal deficit is zero. Clearly fiscal deficit gives borrowing requirement of the government. Let it be noted safe limit of fiscal deficit is considered to be 5% of GDP. Again borrowing includes not only accumulated debt but also interest on debt. If we deduct interest payment on debt from borrowing, the balance is called primary deficit.
Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure - Revenue Receipts - Capital Receipts excluding Borrowing
Fiscal deficit is the most important measure of deficit budget.
Can there be Fiscal deficit without Revenue deficit? Fiscal deficit without revenue deficit is possible (i) when revenue budget is balanced but capital budget shows a deficit or (ii) when there is surplus in revenue budget but deficit in capital budget is greater than surplus of revenue budget. The following equations further clarify the distinction between the two.
Revenue Deficit = Revenue expenditure - Revenue receipts
Fiscal Deficit = Total expenditure (Revenue exp. + Capital exp.) - Revenue receipts - Capital receipts excluding borrowing.

A n s w e r
The Two functions of the codon AUG are as follows: 

(i) It acts as a start codon during protein synthesis. 

(ii) It codes for the amino acid methionine.

Uttar Pradesh
The larger states predicatbly have a higher number of districts, with Uttar Pradesh (75) leading the count, followed by Madhya Pradesh (52), while the smallest state, Goa (2), has the lowest number.

1. Insufficient and uncertain rainfall adversely affects agriculture. Droughts and famines are caused due to low rainfall. Irrigation helps to increase productivity even in low rainfall.
2. The productivity on irrigated land is higher as compared to the un-irrigated land.
3. Multiple cropping is not possible in India because the rainy season is specific in most of the regions. However, the climate supports cultivation throughout the year. Irrigation facilities make it possible to grow more than one crop in most of the areas of the country.
4. Irrigation has helped to bring most of the fallow land under cultivation.
5. Irrigation has stabilized the output and yield levels.
6. Irrigation increases the availability of water supply, which in turn increases the income of the farmers.

A n s w e r :

The features of the Soviet System are as follows:

(i) It was very bureaucratic and authoritarian.

 (ii) It had tight control over all institution and was unaccountable to the people.

Many of the Harappan cities were divided into two or more parts. The part to the west was smaller but higher as compared to other parts. This part small and high part of the cities is described as citadel.

The citadel was built on a raised platform . Ppublic buildings like the Great Bath was built in the citadel

D-4020 ABC Lane
XYZ City
14th April, 20xx
The Director
Indian Academy of Mass Communication
Chennai

Subject: Seeking information about the courses in journalism and mass communication.

Sir
This is in response to your advertisement in ‘The Daily’ dated 12th April, 20xx regarding courses offered by your institute in journalism and mass communication. I have just appeared for my class XII examination and am interested in pursuing a course in Mass Communication. As very little information is available about this course, I would be extremely grateful if you could send me detailed information about it so as to enable me to move on to the next step and try to seek admission in your reputed institute. Please forward the following details at the earliest:

1. Procedure for Admission
2. Duration of the Course
3. Eligibility Criteria
4. Course fee (instalment for each term)
5. Placement opportunities available after course completion
6. Any other relevant information related to this course

I am extremely keen to join the above- mentioned course and would be obliged if you mail me a Prospectus for the same in the self- addressed stamped envelope enclosed herewith.

Awaiting your early response.

Yours sincerely

Mohan

During the period of the 10th Century to the 17th Century, an important trend noticed in the religious life in India is the worship of God in many forms. Many God and Goddesses appear in the scultures and texts but they are various forms of the original deities only. These original deities are Vishnu, Shiva, and Goddesses Durga, Lakshmi and Parvati.
Historians have noticed the two marked trends in the socio-religious life of those days. The first was dissemination of the Brahminical ideas. The Brahminical texts were reproduced in simple Sanskrit. They were now made available to women and shudras, who did not have access to Brahminical literature by and large. The second was the Brahmins who were working on the beliefs and practices. It was a process of evolution, wherein traditional classical traditions were getting new shapes continuously as they were being impacted by the traditions of common people throughout the land.
Now let us look at the two of the following examples.
1.A very good example of the above description is the temple of Jagannatha at Puri
in Orissa. The temple is of Lord Jagannatha who is another form of Vishnu only. The word Jagannatha means one who owns the world.
2.There were many local gods; their statues were often created by wood and stones by tribals. Even families began to have Kul Devata. The Goddeses were also created in wood and stone. They all were in various forms only often of Vishnu.

National Income And Domestic Income:

1. National Income refers to net money value of all the final goods and services produced by the normal residents of a country during an accounting year.
2. Domestic Income refers to a total factor incomes earned by the factor of production within the domestic territory of a country during an accounting year.
3. The difference between these two incomes is Net Factor Income from abroad (NFIA), which is included in National Income (NY) and excluded from Domestic Income (DY).
4. Where NFIA is the difference between income earned by normal residents from rest of the world and similar payments made to Non residents within the domestic territory. NFIA = Income earned by Residents from rest of the world (ROW) – Payments to
Non-Residents within Domestic territory.
NY = DY + NFIA DY = NY – NFIA
Note:
Case I: Income paid to abroad is given, then to make NFIA inverse the sign. For this put income from abroad 0.
Example, Income paid to abroad =100
NFIA = Income from Abroad – Income paid to abroad
= 0 – 100 = -100 and vice versa.
Case II: Income from abroad is given, then NFIA = Income from abroad. For this put income paid to abroad 0.
Example, Income from abroad =100
NFIA = Income from Abroad- Income paid to abroad = 100 – 0 = 100 and vice versa Case III: If income from abroad and income paid to abroad both are given, then NFIA is the difference between them,
Example, Income from abroad =100 Income paid to abroad =120
NFIA = Income from Abroad- Income paid to abroad = 100 – 120 = (-) 20 and vice versa Case IV: Net factor income to abroad be given, then to make NFIA inverse the sign.
Net factor income paid to abroad (NFPA) = income to abroad – income from abroad.
Example,
(i) Net Factor Income to abroad (NFPA = 100). In this NFPA is positive, which means that income to abroad is greater than income from abroad, which makes,
NFIA = (-)100
(ii) Net Factor Income to abroad [NFPA = (-)100]. In this NFPA is negative, which
means that income to abroad is less than income from abroad, which makes,
NFIA = (+) 100