The story “Deep Waters” tells us how the writer overcame his fear of water and learned swimming through sheer determination and willpower. He had developed a terror of water since childhood. William Douglas was able to overcome his fear by sheer determination. The message conveyed by this story is that it is not death but the fear of death that creates terror in our mind, so that fear needs to be shaken off. Also, any fears can be conquered if we try hard enough.

GDP limits its focus to the value of goods or services in an actual geographic boundary of a country, where GNP is focused on the value of goods or services specifically attributable to citizens or nationality, regardless of where the production takes place. Over time GDP has become the standard metric used in national income reporting and most national income reporting and country comparisons are conducted using GDP.

GDP can be evaluated by using an output approach, income approach, or expenditure approach.

Formula: GDP (gross domestic product) at market price = value of output in an economy in the particular year – intermediate consumption at factor cost = GDP at market price – depreciation + NFIA (net factor income from abroad) – net indirect taxes.

पूर्ण रोजगार संतुलन (full employment equilibrium )

इससे अभिप्राय अर्थव्यवस्था की उस स्थिति से है जब संसाधनो के पूर्ण उपयोग के साथ AS = AD (अथवा s = I) होता है अतः अत्ढ़ व्यवस्था में कोई अतिरिक्त क्षमता या बेरोजगारी नही होती I

भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक मुद्रा की पूर्ति के वैकल्पिक मापों को चार रूपों में प्रकाशित करता है, नामत: M₁, M₂, M₃ और M₄ ।
ये सभी निम्नलिखित तरह से परिभाषित किये जाते हैं:
            M₁ = C + DD + OD
            M₂ = M₁ + डाकघर बचत बैंकों में बचत जमाएँ 
            M₃ = M₁ + व्यावसायिक बैंकों की निवल आवधिक जमाएँ
            M₄ = M₃ + डाकघर बचत संस्थाओं में कुल जमाएँ 
जहाँ ,
           C = जनता के पास करेंसी 
          DD = माँग जमाएँ 
          OD = रिज़र्व बैंक के पास अन्य जमाएँ 
M₁ and M₂ संकुचित मुद्रा (Narrow Money) कहलाती है। M₃ और M₄ को व्यापक मुद्रा (Broad Money) कहते हैं।
M₁ संव्यवहार के लिए सबसे तरल और आसान है, जबकि M₄ इनमें सबसे कम तरल है।

उत्तर:
जब समग्र पूर्ति, समग्र माँग से अपेक्षाकृत अधिक होती है तो इसे न्यून माँग कहते हैं। ऐसी स्थिति में उत्पादक उत्पादन में कमी करता है। माँग कम होने पर वह उत्पादित माल को बेच नहीं पाता है। अत: उसके पास तैयार माल स्टॉक के रूप में जमा होता जाता है तथा कीमत कम होने लगती है।

The experience of the peddler at the manor of the Will Manssons made the peddler change his ways. Earlier he had never known a true sympathizer or well-wisher. He had no friend to steer him on the right path. Though the crofter was hospitable to him and even the ironmaster had almost offered him help, they failed to leave any impact on him. It was Edla who, through her genuine care and understanding, was finally able to change the peddler for the better.

National Income and Related Aggregates class 12 Notes Economics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides accounting for partnership firm’s fundamentals class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school based annual examinations. Class 12 Economics notes on chapter 5 accounting for partnership firm’s fundamentals are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.

Click on the given link:

<a href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/national-income-related-aggregates-class-12-notes-economics/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/national-income-related-aggregates-class-12-notes-economics/&ved=2ahUKEwiy1M_F6rXsAhWZ7HMBHb5sCWoQFjADegQIAhAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">National Income and Related Aggregates class 12 Notes ...</a>

साख निर्माण: साख सृजन व्यावसायिक बैंकों का सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य है। साख के एक पक्ष को दूसरे पक्ष द्वारा एक निश्चित व्याज की दर पर वित्त उपलब्ध कराने के रूप में परिभाषित किया जा सकता है। साख मौद्रिक एवं व्यावसायिक प्रणाली में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।

साख सृजन प्रक्रिया:व्यावसायिक बैंकों में जमाकर्ताओं का चालू खाता होता है तथा वे चैकों के द्वारा अपने दायित्वों को वहन करते हैं। इन बैंकों के पास माँग जमा के विस्तार एवं संकुचन की शक्ति होती है। इन शक्तियों को साख सृजन अथवा साख संकुचन कहते हैं। जब कभी बैंक ऋण देता है, यह जमा का सृजन करता है। व्यावसायिक बैंक अपने ऋण तथा निवेश को कई गुणा करने में सक्षम होते हैं तथा इस प्रकार जमाओं को कई गुणा कर देते हैं। नकद की छोटी सी मात्रा ऋण तथा अग्रिम की गुणाओं द्वारा जमाओं को कई गुणा बढ़ाते हैं। इस प्रकार, व्यावसायिक बैंक साख का सृजन करते हैं।

Nature of the gas

In general, if a gas is more liquefiable it will be more easily absorbed. For example, gases like NH₃, HCl, Cl₂, CO₂, which can be liquefied easily are more readily adsorbed on the solids surface rather than permanent gases like O₂, H₂, etc.

Some of the important applications of adsorption are given below:

1) In gas masks:

Activated charcoal or a mixture of adsorbents is generally used in gas masks to adsorb poisonous and toxic gases from air.

These masks are commonly used by the miners because there are poisonous gases like CO, CH₄ etc. in the atmosphere in the coal mines. Therefore, these masks help to purify the air for breathing.

2) In dyeing of cloth:

Mordants such as alums are used in dyeing of cloth.They adsorb the dye particles which, otherwise, do not stick to the cloth.

3) In Dehumidizers for control of humidity:

Silica and aluminium gels are commonly used to adsorb humidity or moisture from air. 

4) Removal of colouring matter from solutions:

Many substances such sugar, juice and vegetable oils are coloured due to the presence of impurities.They can be decolourised by placing in contact with adsorbents like activated charcoal or fuller’s earth. This method is used in the manufacture of cane sugar. 

5) Heterogeneous catalysis:

Adsorption of reactants on the solid surface of catalysts increases the rate of reaction. The metals such as Fe, Ni, Pt, Pd, etc, are used in the manufacturing process.

Manufacture of ammonia using iron as catalyst (Haber process), manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process and use of finely divided nickel in the hydrogenation of oils are excellent examples of heterogeneous catalysis.

Consider a ring of radius 'a' which carries uniformly distributed positive total charge Q. 




To find: electric field due to a ring at a point P lying at a distance x from its centre along the central axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
 

As the charge is distributed uniformly over the ring, the charge density over the ring is, 

                                  
The perpendicular component of electric field due to charge on the ring along the x-axis cancels each other out.

As there is same charge on both sides of the ring, the magnitude of the electric field at P due to the segment of charge dQ is given by, 
 

dE = k_e 
E_x =  

   

1. At the centre (X = 0) , electric field is zero. 

2. When x>> a, a can be neglected in the denominator. 

Therefore, 

 

The factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a solid are as given below:
(1) Nature of the gas
(2) Nature of adsorbent
(3) Specific area of adsorbent
(4) Effect of temperature
(5) Effect of pressure
(6) Activation of adsorbent

When a solution of magnesium salts is combined with alkaline water it instigates precipitation of solid magnesium hydroxide. The reaction is as follows:

Mg²⁺ + 2 OH⁻ → Mg(OH)₂

Commercially it is produced by treating lime and seawater. Approximately one ton of magnesium hydroxide is obtained from 600 m³ of seawater. Calcium hydroxide is more soluble in magnesium hydroxide therefore Mg(OH)₂ precipitates as a solid. The reaction is as follows:

MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)₂

A colligative property is a property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles. Colligative properties are not dependent on the chemical nature of the solution’s components. Thus, colligative properties can be linked to several quantities that express the concentration of a solution, such as molarity, normality, and molality. The four colligative properties that can be exhibited by a solution are:

• Boiling point elevation
• Freezing point depression
• Relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Osmotic pressure

The number of linkage group(s) present in Escherishia coli is 4.

The number of linkage groups equals the number of chromosomes in the basic set. The number of linkage groups in an organism is equal to the haploid number of its chromosomes. Example - In Drosophila, the haploid number is n = 4, so linkage group is 4. But the number of linkage group is prokaryotes (bacteria, like E. coli) is one. This is because bacteria being prokaryotes have only a single circular chromosome.

Three tasks of Mr. Armstrong - as a production manager:

• Take part in strategic decisions making of the company.
• Supervise the employees in the firm whether they do their production work as per the plans laid down by the top managers.
• Designing the production process and purchasing the production equipments.
• Supervising the products and technical management are some of the tasks of the Production manager which will help him to process the plans and the policies formed by the Top management.

BrF₃ will consist of seven electrons in its outermost shell. After the bond formation, it will further have 2 lone pair and 3 Br—F covalent bonds. As the hybridization value or the electron pair is equal to 5 it gives rise to sp³d hybrid orbitals.

The situations of the slum children is very misrable due to poverty

It can be improved by giving them proper food , education free of cost ,and many more things which can attract children towards study

Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development. e.g., wheat, maize, barley, castor, sunflower. 

When remnants of nucellus are persistent it is said to have a perisperm. Example; biack pepper, beat.