Major reasons for poverty in India are:
(i) The low level of economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries like textiles. The low rate of growth persisted until the 1980s. This resulted in fewer job opportunities and a low growth rate of incomes. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of the population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita income very low.

(ii) Lack of job opportunities: Lack of job opportunities compelled many people to work as rickshaw pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in slums on the outskirts of the cities.
(iii) Huge income inequalities: One of the major reasons for this is the unequal distribution of land and other resources. Major policy initiatives like land reforms that aimed at the redistribution of assets in rural areas have not been implemented properly by most of the state governments.

(iv) Lack of land resources has been one of the major causes of poverty in India.

(v) A high level of indebtedness among small farmers is also a major cause of poverty in our country. Since poor farmers hardly have any savings, they borrow. Unable to repay because of poverty, they become victims of indebtedness.

Consumer rights became law in 1972 during President Kennedy's term in office. There are dozens of advocacy groups and organizations to help consumers who feel they've been taken advantage. However, each consumer has several responsibilities of his own to ensure the rights outlined in America's Bill of Consumer Rights.

While consumers have the right to be informed, they must also inform themselves to the best of their abilities about product and service knowledge. Whether you are purchasing equipment for your home or receiving treatment at a hospital, you need to know what other comparable products are on the market. With this information you have a chance to choose the best product and service for your needs.

The concept of good governance is not a new concept, even though it seems to be the buzzword now for major organisations and aid-givers to evaluate whether aid should be given to countries or not.

• In India, the concept was talked about in the Arthashastra, authored by Chanakya. He mentions the characteristics of a good king thus, “In the happiness of his subjects lies his happiness, in their welfare his welfare; whatever pleases himself, he does not consider as good, but whatever pleases his subjects he considers as good.”
• Mahatma Gandhi had also given the term ‘Su- Raaj’ literally meaning good governance.
• Governance can be defined as ‘the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented.’
• Governance refers to the decision-making and administration involved in any level, i.e., national, regional, local, corporate, family, etc.
• Government is a key actor in governance.

(i) ‘Make in India' will increase supply (inflow) of foreign exchange in India causing improvement in the balance of payments position. (ii) Import of pulses will lead to outflow of foreign exchange from the country causing adverse effect on balance of payment position.

(a) "Make in India" programme will have favourable effect on balance of payments. Because: (i) It will reduce the imports of commodities which will be made in India. Ultimately, we will be in the position to export. This will make BOP favourable. (ii) It will help in import substitution. (b) Imports of pulses: It will make balance of payments adverse. Because of imports we will have to make payments.

1. प्रिंट माध्यमों के छपे शब्दों में स्थायित्व होता है।
2. हम उन्हें अपनी रुचि और इच्छा के अनुसार धीरे-धीरे पढ़ सकते हैं।
3. पढ़ते-पढ़ते कहीं भी रुककर सोच-विचार कर सकते हैं।
4. इन्हें बार-बार पढ़ा जा सकता है।
5. इसे पढ़ने की शुरुआत किसी भी पृष्ठ से की जा सकती है।
6. इन्हें लंबे समय तक सुरक्षित रखकर संदर्भ की भाँति प्रयुक्त किया जा सकता है।
7. यह लिखित भाषा का विस्तार है, जिसमें लिखित भाषा की सभी विशेषताएँ निहित हैं।

The major issue which led to the split of the Congress party in 1969 was the presidential elections held in 1969. Although the rivalry between Indira Gandhi and the syndicate in the Congress party was going on for some time, yet it came out into the open at the time of the Presidential election. Due to president Zakir Hussain’s death, the office of the President fell vacant. Despite Mrs. Gandhi’s reservations the syndicate managed to nominate her long time opponent N. Sanjeeva Reddy as the official congress candidate. On the other hand, Indira Gandhi encouraged the then vice President VV Giri to file his nomination as an independent.

The then Congress President S. Nijalingappa issued a whip asking all the Congress MPs and MLAs to vote for Reddy. Supporters of Indira Gandhi requisitioned a special meeting of all India Congress committee, but this was refused. After prime minister Indira Gandhi called for a “conscience vote”, which meant MPs and MLAs were free to vote the way they wanted. The election resulted in the victory of VV Giri and the defeat of the official candidate Reddy.

The defeat of Sanjeeva Reddy formalised the split in the Congress. The Congress President expelled the prime minister Indira Gandhi from the party. Thus the Congress party was split into Congress ( R) and Congress (O).

हम सूचनाएँ या समाचार जानना चाहते हैं। क्योंकि सूचनाएँ अगला कदम तय करने में हमारी सहायता करती हैं। इसी तरह हम अपने पास-पड़ोस, शहर, राज्य और देश-दुनिया के बारे में जानना चाहते हैं। ये सूचनाएँ हमारे दैनिक जीवन के साथ-साथ पूरे समाज को प्रभावित करती हैं। आज देश-दुनिया में जो कुछ हो रहा है, उसकी अधिकांश जानकारी हमें समाचार माध्यमों से मिलती है। हमारे प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव से बाहर की दुनिया के बारे में हमें अधिकांश जानकारी समाचार माध्यमों द्वारा दिए जाने वाले समाचारों से ही मिलती है।

Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress won a fourth consecutive term in power and over 54% of the seats, while no other party won more than 10% of the votes or seats.

The major asanas to control obesity are Vajrasana, Hastasana, Trikonasana and Ardha Matsyendrasana.

State Reorganisation Commission was appointed in 1953 by central Government to rearrange the boundaries of states.
  Its main recommendations were to organise states on language basis as well as the boundaries of state could reflect the linguistic aspects also.
 

Aqueous NaOH or aqueous KOH.

A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. A campaign plan is a short-term integrated communications plan to generate lead or sales. Its purpose is to engage audiences, it typically has a content marketing focus and an integrated media schedule. A solid marketing campaign plan has: Clear, realistic goals which you can be confident of hitting.

According to the valence bond theory, Electrons in a molecule occupy atomic orbitals rather than molecular orbitals. The atomic orbitals overlap on the bond formation and the larger the overlap the stronger the bond. The metal bonding is essentially covalent in origin and metallic structure involves resonance of electron-pair bonds between each atom and its neighbors.