Drosophila was chosen by Morgan for his experiments in genetics because-

1. Very short life cycle (2-weeks)
2. Can be grown easily in the laboratory
3. In single mating produce a large number of flies.
4. Male and female show many hereditary variations
5. It has only 4 pairs of chromosomes which are distinct in size and shape.

1. This civilization is extended far beyond the Indus Valley. The main towns of Indus valley civilization were Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal.
2. The significant features of Indus Valley civilization are personal cleanliness, town planning, construction of burnt-brick houses, ceramics, casting, forging of metals, manufacturing of cotton and woolen textiles.
3. Mohenjo-Daro people had finest bath facilities, drainage system, and knowledge of personal hygiene.
4. They were equally conscious of plant medicine since there was occasional warfare.
5. The town planning and other characteristics indicate that a homogeneous indigenous culture developed.
6.The six most important characteristics of a civilization are cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and arts and architecture.
7.The Harappan City was divided into the upper town (also called the Citadel) and the lower town. The various features of the Harappan town Planning is given below: Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, and in Harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses.
8.The six most important characteristics of a civilization are cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and arts and architecture.

At any junction of circuit elements, the sum of currents entering the junction must equal the sum of currents leaving it.

The five year plans launched in india succeeded in accelerating the pace of economic growth.

Explanation :

The Indian economy carried out five phases of planning that were developed, execute, and monitored by the planning commission and NITI ayog.  

• These plans are centralised and integrated national economic plans and played a great role in the development of the Indian economy.

• They supported agriculture production, launched industrialisation, with the focus on heavy industries. Played a great role in welfare management.  

• Such as allocation of irrigation and energy, agriculture and community development, transport and communication, and various social sectors.  

• The first five year plan had a target of 2.1% with 3.6% of net domestic product. It helped in boosting exchange services and per capita incomes.  

• The second plan focused on the public sector. The third plan stressed on the production of wheat, and focus on defence industry. The fifth plan focused on poverty alleviation and justice.  

• Thus all plans launched by the government helped India accelerate in pace to economic growth and development.

The Non-aligned Movement aimed at establishing a new and equitable international economic, social and political order. The Non aligned Movement(NAM) gave the newly independent countries a way of staying out of the alliances. Countries outside the two blocs, for example, the non-aligned countries played a role in reducing Cold War conflicts and averting some serious crises. Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the key leaders of the NAM played an important role in mediating between the two Koreas, thereby resolving the arousal of conflicts.
Furthermore, India adopted the policy of NAM. As a leader of NAM, India's response to the ongoing Cold War was of two fold:

Firstly, it took particular care in staying away from the two alliances and it acted as a mediator between two rival alliances. India did so for the cause of peace, security and stability. Secondly, it raised its voice against the newly decolonised countries becoming part of these alliances.
Some examples where India exercises the policy of NAM by taking an independent decision are as follows :

i. India led the world protest against Britain, when the Britain attacked Egypt over Suez Canal issue in 1956 and

ii. The bold decision of India refusing to sign the NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) in 1968.

India always tried to activate regional and international organisations, which were not a part of any alliances. India also help in taking measures for the economic development of third world countries, non-aligned, newly decolonised countries to enable them to pursue independent policies.
Thus, India played an active role in keeping the Non-aligned Movement alive and relevant.

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

Operation Infinite Reach was the codename for American cruise missile strikes on Al-Qaeda terrorist targets in Sudan and Afghanistan. For this, the US did not bother of any international law. This operation was ordered by President Clinton in response to bombing of the US embassies in Kenya, Dar-es-Salaam, and Tanzania in 1998.

In response to the 9/11 attacks, the US launched "Operation Enduring Freedom". It was against all those who are suspected to be behind this attack.

(i) The Soviet system had become very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life Very difficult for the citizens.

(ii) There was lack of democracy. There was no freedom of speech.

As a result of it, people often expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons.

If the Soviet Union had not disintegrated, it would have affected the world politics in the following manner:

1. Impact of USA: The USA would not have become so powerful and its hegemony would not have been established. It would not be interfering in the world affairs more unilaterally.
2. The Way towards the Third World War: The world would have headed towards a Third World War if there was no disintegration of USSR. The war would have been more devastating and destructive.
3. Formation of new Countries: The disintegration of USSR led to the independence of many countries which were part of erstwhile USSR. This would have not been possible without the disintegration.
4. USA's position in the United Nation Organisation: After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, USA's position in the UNO also became very strong. Almost all the decisions in UNO were taken under the influence of USA. This situation could have been different if there was no collapse of USSR.
5. The Rise of secessionist Movement: Most of the former Soviet Republics which are passing through conflicts and Civil Wars, would not have gone through this agony.
6. The Accumulation of Nuclear Weapons: Accumulation of nuclear weapons would have continued endlessly.
7. The relevance of the Non-Alignment Movement:  The Non-Alignment movement would have been more relevant if there would have not been the disintegration of USSR.

For many developing nations, globalization has led to an improvement in standard of living through improved roads and transportation, improved health care, and improved education due to the global expansion of corporations. However, globalization has had a negative effect on individuals who live in developed nations.

Globalization allows companies to find lower-cost ways to produce their products. It also increases global competition, which drives prices down and creates a larger variety of choices for consumers. Lowered costs help people in both developing and already-developed countries live better on less money.

The potential gradient represents the rate of change of potential along with displacement. In other words, it represents the slope along which potential is changing. ... Potential - The potential between 2 points can be defined as the difference between the electric potential energies between the 2 points.

The Governor of the oxford prison left no stone unturned to catch back Evans after his escape from the Oxford prison. The Governor was witty and quick in action. When he found that McLeery was missing from the point from where the ambulance had to pick him and he never reached the hospital. Then the real person was tied and gagged in his house since 8:30am. He knew German so he was even able to make out that no correction existed in the world ‘Golden Lion’. Finally with the help of question paper left by Evans and joining the index number he reached Evans hiding place and almost caught Evans in the Golden Lion pub. He was handcuffed and made to sit in a prison van. But the police officers sitting inside the van were also close friends of Evans. They opened his handcuff as soon as they were out of sight of the governor. They took the van towards Newbury and Evans had his final escape. The prison van was the same one which was taken from the prison with the help of fake phone call by Evans men. The Governor of the H.M. Prison, Oxford seems to be a sympathetic fellow since he makes all the relevant arrangements for the examination of a run-out prisoner. He is also very proud, self-conscious and an enthusiastic fellow and tries his best to be saved from the disgrace lest Evans should escape from the prison.

The title 'Evans tries an O-Level' is quite appropriate. It was in the guise of taking the O-Level exam in German that Evans planned and executed his escape successfully. Conducting the O-Level examination by the prison authorities gave Evans the chance to make a successful exit from the prison. The entire story revolves around the preparation made by prison officers and the blunders committed by them  during the exam. Hence the title is quite befitting. 

The Governor thought that he had taken all the precautions in order to fail Evans’ plan. He was the person who had taken the responsibility to fail Evans' plan. He had appointed two of his most trustworthy employees to keep an eye on them. Moreover, the installation of a sound device in the cell was also a great initiative to listen to the conversation between Mc Leery and Evans. But, all his effort ceased when Evans escape right under his nose in the end. There were many mistakes committed by him throughout the day. He never cross-checked on the teacher whether he was genuinely the same teacher who had been appointed. Moreover, he allowed the fake Mc Leery to carry a semi-inflated rubber ring which contained pig’s blood in it. More importantly, he did not check at the end whether the policemen were real or fake. These mistakes of the Governor made him fail in his mission. Seeing all this, we can say that he was really good for a giggle and truly deserved Evans’s smile in the end.