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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 3 months ago
| Co-operative Farming | Collective Farming |
| 1. Cooperative farming takes place when farmers pool their resources voluntarily for efficient and profitable farming. | 1. Collective farming takes place when there is collective labour and there is social ownership of means of production. |
| 2. In co-operative farming, farmers have individual ownership of the resources. | 2. In collective farming, farmers pool all their resources though they are allowed to keep a very small plot of land for their own use. |
| 3. Co-operative societies help farmers in buying farm inputs on favorable terms. | 3. In collective farming, all farm inputs are provided by the government. |
| 4. Co-operative societies also help the farmers in selling farm products profitably. | 4. Collective farming, farm products are sold to the state at a fixed price. |
| 5. Co-operative farming has been successful in many European countries and that is why it is practised in many other countries of the world. | 5. Collective farming was introduced in the former Soviet Union but after its disintegration, the system of farming has been modified. |
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 4 months ago
The industrial development pattern on the eve of Independence was characterised by the following elements:
- The industrial growth was lopsided, in the sense that consumer goods industry was not adequately supported by the capital goods industry.
- No priority was given for the development of basic and heavy industries. Tata Iron and Steel Corporation (TISCO) established in 1907, was the only basic industry in India.
- The public sector enterprises such as railways, power, post and telegraph were confined to areas which would enlarge the size of market for British products in India.
- The pattern of development in the industrial sector was lopsided and was dominated by the presence of small industries (31%) and large industries (43%), but very few medium industries.
Posted by Rimjhim Deep Singh 3 years, 3 months ago
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 3 months ago
Productivity here means human labour is productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. This is because it is people who are the real wealth of nations. Therefore, efforts to increase their knowledge, provide better health facilities, balanced diet and high literacy rates ultimately lead to better work efficiency.
Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people oriented policies are required to empower people.
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