1. Efficiency means doing the things right whereas Effectiveness is about doing the right things.
2. Efficiency focuses on the process or ‘means’ whereas Effectiveness focuses on the end.
3. Efficiency is restricted to the present state whereas effectiveness involves thinking long term.
4. Organizations have to be both effective and efficient in order to be successful.

Check notes here : https://mycbseguide.com/cbse-revision-notes.html

A wavefront is defined as a surface of constant phase. A wavefront is the locus of all points in the medium that have the same phase.

The ray, at each point of a wavefront, is normal to the wavefront at that point. The ray indicates the direction of propagation of wave while the wavefront is the surface of constant phase.

Poverty is an economic state where people are experiencing scarcity or the lack of certain commodities that are required for the lives of human beings like money and material things. Therefore, poverty is a multifaceted concept inclusive of social, economic and political elements.

1. Economic effect: As the supermarket structure arrived in India, it is very difficult for the farmers to sustain. Due to cheap import, small traders are really suffering. On the other hand, globalisation has given chance to expand Indian IT sector+ pharma sector + Agricultural processed material. But the economy gets foreign currency, hence to get more foreign reserve, all are keeping quiet. It is also true that foreign currency gives us chance to have more development activities.
2 .Cultural effect: More and more people are getting attracted towards western lifestyle because of globalisation. We can see significant changes in the expenditure pattern of public nowadays. Consumption is more as compared to savings. They are eager to buy branded and imported good which ultimately results in the increase in current account deficit or causes a trade deficit. Some say that the cultural aspect of globalisation is destroying our culture and values. Swami Vivekananda used to say that one should learn science from the west and let them have a deep sense of our rich moral values.
3.  Social aspect: Nuclear families are coming more in picture due to globalization. MNC's are setup in metro cities. A small town guy gets job in these companies and take a house on rent then after some get married. Nowadays foreign deputation is of high value, which youths cannot resist. But in all these things, he finally loses touch with his parents. Nuclear families are more based on utilitarianism, therefore, in case of any dispute relations ends.
4.  Political effect: International organisations such as World Bank, IMF and WTO are interfering in internal matters of a democratic country, which is not always positive. A global accident can affect internal politics. A rise in right-wing leads to formation of govt. This is a global trend.
5. Philosophical effect: As per experts, globalisation is a philosophically defined by liberalism. In the year 1991, the fall of Russia leads to rise of America. USA supports open market economy. Thus, Globalisation is making most of the big economies easily penetrable. This is not so good in favour of poor and needy population

Main teachings of Mahavira are given below:

1. The people must follow very strictly the rules of Ahimsa, which means respect for life, non-injury to animals, leading simple lives, to be honest, and not to steal.
2. He taught a simple doctrine; men and women who wished to know the truth must leave their homes.

The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram had many titles but was popularly known as the ''Tiger King''. He was portrayed as an autocrat, brave, resolute, determined, courageous and a firm ruler of his state. He was brought up by an English governess. He was tutored in English by an Englishman. When he grew to twenty, he took the reign in his hands. The Maharaja knew how to make his minions do the work for him. No one in the kingdom had the courage to raise his voice against the king.

When he was born, the astrologers had predicted his death by a tiger. His callousness came through his indiscriminate killing of tigers and almost bringing the species to become extinct, just to prove the prophecy wrong. His irrational behavior was portrayed when he announced that he would attend to the affairs of his people and state, only after killing a hundred tigers. He wanted to prove the prophecy wrong that his death was bound to come because of a tiger. He was determined to fulfill his pledge. So he issued a proclamation that no one will kill the tiger except him. The lawbreakers would be taken to task and their properties would be confiscated. Being a man of firm determination and self-respect, he denied permission to the British officer to hunt the tiger too. But, the officer felt offended as he was not even allowed to kill or even, to take a photograph with a dead tiger. To save himself and his kingdom, the king, with the advice of his Dewan, sent around fifty exclusive diamond rings for the officer's wife. He did so to impress them but had to pay a hefty amount because the British officer's wife kept all the rings and sent only a thank you note for the king. It is ironical that the king met his fate by a wooden tiger only and thus the hundredth tiger took revenge upon him.

Dividend Decision: Dividend decision involves deciding the amount of profits to be distributed among the shareholders and amount of profits to be retained in the business to meet investment requirements. While diividend constitutes current income, its re-investment as retained earnings helps in increasing future earning capacity of the firm. The decision regarding dividend should be taken keeping in mind the overall objective of maximising shareholder's wealth.