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Mann Shah 6 years, 6 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 6 months ago
The fourteen principles of management created by Henri Fayol are explained below.
1. Division of Work-
Henri believed that segregating work in the workforce amongst the worker will enhance the quality of the product. Similarly, he also concluded that the division of work improves the productivity, efficiency, accuracy, and speed of the workers. This principle is appropriate for both the managerial as well as a technical work level.
2. Authority and Responsibility-
These are the two key aspects of management. Authority facilitates the management to work efficiently and responsibility makes them responsible for the work done under their guidance or leadership.
3. Discipline-
Without discipline, nothing can be accomplished. It is the core value for any project or any management. Good performance and sensible interrelation make the management job easy and comprehensive. Employees good behavior also helps them smoothly build and progress in their professional careers.
4. Unity of Command-
This means an employee should have only one boss and follow his command. If an employee has to follow more than one boss, there begins a conflict of interest and can create confusion.
5. Unity of Direction-
Whoever is engaged in the same activity should have a unified goal. This means all the person working in a company should have one goal and motive which will make the work easier and achieve the set goal easily.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest-
This indicates a company should work unitedly towards the interest of a company rather than personal interest. Be subordinate to the purposes of an organization. This refers to the whole chain of command in a company.
7. Remuneration-
This plays an important role in motivating the workers of a company. Remuneration can be monetary or non-monetary, however, it should be according to an individual’s efforts they have made.
8. Centralization-
In any company, the management or any authority responsible for the decision-making process should be neutral. However, this depends on the size of an organization. Henri Fayol stressed on the point that there should be a balance between the hierarchy and division of power.
9. Scalar Chain-
Fayaol one the principles highlights that the hierarchy steps should be from top to the lowest. This is necessary so that every employee knows there immediate senior also they should be able to contact any if needed.
10. Order-
A company should maintain a well-defined work order to have a favorable work culture. The positive atmosphere in the workplace will boost more positive productivity.
11. Equity-
All the employees should be treated equally and respectfully. It’s the responsibility of a manager that no employees face discrimination.
12. Stability-
An employee delivers the best if they feel secure in their job. It is the duty of the management to offer job security to their employees.
13. Initiative-
The management should support and encourage the employees to take initiatives in an organization. It will help them to increase their interest and make then worth.
14. Esprit de Corps-
It is the responsibility of the management to regularly motivate their employees and be supportive of each other. Developing trust and mutual understanding will lead to a positive outcome and work environment.
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Mann Shah 6 years, 6 months ago
Gaurav Seth 6 years, 6 months ago
Strategy: Strategies refer to those plans which an organization prepares to face various situations, threats and opportunities. When the managers of an organization prepare a new strategy for the business it is called internal strategy and when some strategies are prepared to respond to the strategies of the competitors, then such strategies are called external strategies. Examples, selection of the medium of advertisement, selection of the channel of distribution etc.
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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area with maternal blood. They are an essential element in pregnancy from a histomorphologic perspective, and are, by definition, a product of conception. Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi.
Posted by Pranjal Nimbark 6 years, 6 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
Meaning of Sharia:
- The sharia is the law governing the Muslim community. It is based on the Quran and the Hadis, traditions of the Prophet including a record of his remembered words and deeds.
- Some mystics initiated movements based on a radical interpretation of sufi ideals. Many scorned the khanqah and took to mendicancy and observed celibacy. They ignored rituals and observed extreme forms of asceticism. Because of their deliberate defiance of the sharia they were often referred to as be-sharia, in contrast to the ba-sharia sufis who complied with it.
- A group of religious minded people called sufis turned to asceticism and mysticism in protest against the growing materialism of the caliphate as a religious and political institution. The sufis sought an interpretation of the Quran on the basis of their personal experience. The sufis traditions which were anti-sharia (or the law governing the Muslim community) are called be-sharia while the tradition of Sufi which are pro-sharia (are called ba-sharia).
Similarities : Both of Sufi traditions are critical of the dogmatic definitions and scholastic methods of interpretation of the Quran and sunna (traditions of the Prophet) adopted by theologians. Instead, they laid stress on seeking salvation.
In this way we can say that both the traditions of the sufis i.e. be-sharia and ba-sharia are same. They sought and interpret the Quran on the basis of personal experience.
Posted by Akash Tiwari 6 years, 6 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 6 months ago
The chorion is one of the embryonic membranous structures than encloses both the fetus as well as the amnion. The chorion begins to form chorionic villi towards its outer surface, which initially serves to provide nutrition to the developing embryo.
Part of the chorionic villi arborize more extensively and forms the chorionic frondosum, which in turn gives rise to the placenta.
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Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time. Polyculture, where more than one crop is grown in the same space at the same time, is the alternative to monoculture.
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Nitin Patel 6 years, 6 months ago
1Thank You