Unity of command provides that an employee is responsible to only one supervisor, who in turn is responsible to only one supervisor, and so on up the organizational hierarchy. This is true even if the top of the organization is led by a group of people. Under the principles of war, unity of command means that all the forces fall under one responsible commander. ... It requires a single commander with the requisite authority to direct all forces in pursuit of a unified purpose. Simply put, it means one mission, one boss.

Here is the answer. For symmetricity, you have to include all the possible pairs which shows symmetry.
Only one pair does not make it symmetric.

Specific sports programs are those programs of sports which are often not related to the competition these programs are designed with multiple objectives with their focus on the well being or an individual the aims of programme is to create awareness among the common people regarding unity & integrity prevention & protection against various diseases etc.
Specific sports programmes Sports Day :- Sports day is organized in the school once in the year so that the all round development of children could be done various physical and recreation activities are conducted on sports day it is organized by almost each and every school on sports day every child gets ample opportunities to take part in activity of there choice. Due to these days most of students get experience as organizer as well as administrator sports day also provide opportunity to select talent for future.
Health Run :- These programmers are organized by health and sports department to raise the standards of health and also to raise funds for charity registration of participantss is done in advanced and day and time is fixed there is no age bar. People of any age can take part. There is no competition. These provide significant health benefits. But precautionary measures must be taken before participating i.e. proper sports kit health status of individual.
Run for Fun :- This is to create awareness among people to keep fit and healthy there is fun and frolic while on the run there is no competition it is commonly organized for arranging funds for charity it can be perform it in different customs different age group children like adults teenage etc.
Run for Unity :- This is to inculcate peace and harmony among the people of different religion of faith. Its purpose may be either national or international brotherhood many people from corporate world film stars and marathon racers form abroad take part, first three position holders get cash prize it can either be a long distance race or a realy. In relay race every participant runs a specific distance and given opportunity to the teammate to participate. So these runs bring sense of togetherness among people.

Calculate it now by yourself.

Hormonal regulation of the male reproductive system: GnRH stimulates the production of FSH and LH, which act on the testes to begin spermatogenesis and to develop secondary *** characteristics in the male. The Sertoli cells produce the hormone inhibin, which is released into the blood when the sperm count is too high.

The inscriptions on stones and copper plates are the main source of information to know about the system of land grants and trade from C.600 BCE to 600 CE.

Land Grants:

1. Grants were made to religious institutions and Samantas.

2. Brahmans were given Agrahara grants.

3. The system of giving land as grants was adopted as a strategic tool to extend Brahmanical practices and to provide scope for the expansion of agriculture.

4. The kings wanted to make allies as the weakening of the powers was evident.

Trade Practices:

1. Both Inland and overseas trade flourished.

2. Inland trade developed within the country whereas trade relations were established with Central and West Asia and Northern Africa.

3. Inland trade was done through the rivers.

4. Merchants used caravans and bullock cart while the peddlers travelled on foot to carry on their business.

5. Salt, timber, cloth, spices and medicinal plants were some of the items that were traded.

6. Punch marked coins were introduced to facilitate trade.

7. The texts written in Tamil and Pali provide us with enough information on the trade practices during the period.

In the process of electrolysis, there is an interchange of ions and atoms due to the addition or removal of electrons from the external circuit. Basically, on passing current, cations move to the cathode, take electrons from the cathode (given by the supply source-battery), and is discharged into the neutral atom. The neutral atom, if solid, is deposited on the cathode and if gas, move upwards. This is a reduction process and the cation is, reduced at the cathode.

At the same time anions, give up their extra electrons to the anode and is oxidized to neutral atoms at the anode. Electrons released by the anions travel across the electrical circuit and reach the cathode completing the circuit. Electrolysis involves a simultaneous oxidation reaction at anode and a reduction reaction at the cathode.

For example, when electric current, is, passed through molten sodium chloride, the sodium ion is attracted by the cathode, from which, it takes an electrode and becomes a sodium atom.

Chloride ion reaches the anode, gives its electron, and become chlorine atom to form chlorine molecule.

Na⁺(in electrolyte) + e^–(from cathode) → Na …. At Cathode

Cl^–(from electrolyte) → e^– + Cl → Cl₂ …. At Anode

Electrolysis process, while useful to get elemental forms from compounds directly, it can also be used indirectly in the metallurgy of alkali and alkaline earth metals, purification of metals, deposition of metals, preparation of compounds etc.

Kohlrausch's law states that the equivalent conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution is equal to the sum of the conductances of the anions and cations. If a salt is dissolved in water, the conductivity of the solution is the sum of the conductances of the anions and cations. Application: It is used to calculate molar conductivity at infinite dilution for weak electrolytes. For weak electrolytes, the conductance is low and the dissociation is not complete even at high dilution. Thus kohlrausch's law is used.

The inscriptions on stones and copper plates are the main source of information to know about the system of land grants and trade from C.600 BCE to 600 CE.

Land Grants:

1. Grants were made to religious institutions and Samantas.

2. Brahmans were given Agrahara grants.

3. The system of giving land as grants was adopted as a strategic tool to extend Brahmanical practices and to provide scope for the expansion of agriculture.

4. The kings wanted to make allies as the weakening of the powers was evident.

Trade Practices:

1. Both Inland and overseas trade flourished.

2. Inland trade developed within the country whereas trade relations were established with Central and West Asia and Northern Africa.

3. Inland trade was done through the rivers.

4. Merchants used caravans and bullock cart while the peddlers travelled on foot to carry on their business.

5. Salt, timber, cloth, spices and medicinal plants were some of the items that were traded.

6. Punch marked coins were introduced to facilitate trade.

Wheatstone bridge, also known as the resistance bridge, is used to calculate the unknown resistance by balancing two legs of the bridge circuit, of which one leg includes the component of unknown resistance. It was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie in the year 1833, which was later popularized by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1843.

The circuit is composed of two known resistors, one unknown resistor and one variable resistor connected in the form of a bridge. This bridge is very reliable as it gives accurate measurements.
 

You can remember them as GEMS:

G-Growth

E-Equity

M-Modernisation

S-Self-reliance

Protein is a nutrient needed by the human body for growth and maintenance. Aside from water, proteins are the most abundant kind of molecules in the body. Protein can be found in all cells of the body and is the major structural component of all cells in the body, especially muscle. Proteins are a class of macromolecules that perform a diverse range of functions for the cell. They help in metabolism by providing structural support and by acting as enzymes, carriers, or hormones. The building blocks of proteins (monomers) are amino acids.

Colourblindness is an X-linked recessive trait caused due to the defective allele on the X chromosome.

In this problem,

Since the father is colourblind, his genotype would be XcY.

Although the woman has colourblind father, her vision is normal. This implies that she is a carrier of the trait. Therefore, her genotype would be.

This carrier woman marries a man with a normal vision.

From the above Punnett square, we can deduce that 50% of the daughter are carriers while 50% are normal. 50% of the sons are colourblind while 50% are normal.