गैस + विलायक ↔ विलयन + ऊष्मा 

गैस का द्रव में घुलना एक ऊष्माक्षेपी प्रक्रम है। ताप बढ़ाने पर साम्य बायीं ओर विस्थापित होता है और विलयन से गैस मुक्त होती है।

Q u e s t i o n : Find the number of different word that can be formed from the letter of the word intermediate such that two vowels never come together

A n s w e r is 1,51,200

Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development. In fact; two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced - such as tribes. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

The font size or text size is how large the characters displayed on a screen or printed on a page are.

A font is often measured in pt (points). Points dictate the height of the lettering. There are approximately 72 (72.272) points in one inch or 2.54 cm. For example, the font size 72 would be about one inch tall, and 36 would be about a half of an inch. The image shows examples of font sizes ranging from 6 pt to 84 pt. In computing, font sizes are also measured as px (pixels) and in pc (pica).

• On 13th April 1919, the infamous Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
• On that day, a crowd of villagers who had come to Amritsar to attend a fair gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh.
• Being from outside the city, they were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
• General Dyer entered the area, blocked the only exit point, and opened fire on the crowd, killing and wounding hundreds of people.
• His objective was to ‘produce a moral effect’ to create in the minds of satyagrahis, a feeling of terror and awe.
• As the news spread, crowds took to the streets. There were strikes, clashes with police and attacks on government buildings. The government responded with brutal repression. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Jallianwala also spelled Jallianwalla, also called Massacre of Amritsar, incident on April 13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the Punjab region (now in Punjab state) of India, killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. It marked a turning point in India’s modern history, in that it left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi’s full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain.

The number of levels to be taken into consideration for TOC present are at the table of contents options dialog.

• In a Toc, all the numbers can be altered. The numbers can be deleted and any other number can be placed.
• When custom heading types are used, the numbers may be entered in the Table of Content Options dialog next to these types.

• There can be as many TOCs in the text, and each can have different content. For example, a Brief content TOC can have only the top-level and two other comprehensive TOC's.

The number of levels to be taken into consideration for TOC present are at the table of contents options dialog.

• In a Toc, all the numbers can be altered. The numbers can be deleted and any other number can be placed.
• When custom heading types are used, the numbers may be entered in the Table of Content Options dialog next to these types.

• There can be as many TOCs in the text, and each can have different content. For example, a Brief content TOC can have only the top-level and two other comprehensive TOC's.

The Caliphate: After Muhammad’s death in 632, there was nobody who could legitimately claim to be the next prophet of Islam. So, his political authority was transferred to the umma with no established principle of succession. This gave rise to the institution of caliphate. As per this system, the leader of the community became the deputy (khalifa) of the Prophet.

The first four caliphs (632-61)

After Muhammad’s death, many tribes broke away from the Islamic state. Some even raised their own prophets to establish communities modeled on the umma. Abu Bakr, the first caliph, suppressed the revolts by a series of campaigns. Umar, the second caliph, shaped the umma’s policy of expansion of power. It was not possible to maintain the umma out of the modest income from trade and taxes. So, the caliph and his military commanders mustered their tribal strength to conquer the lands belonging to the Byzantine Empire in the west and the Sasanian Empire in the east.

On the eve of the Arab invasions, these two empires had declined in strength due to religious conflicts and revolts by the aristocracy. In three successful campaigns (637-42), the Arabs brought Syria, Iraq, Iran and Egypt under the control of Medina. The success of the Arabs was contributed by military strategy, religious fervor and the weakness of the opposition. The third caliph, Uthman, launched further campaigns and extended the control to Central Asia. Within a decade of the death of Muhammad, the Arab-Islamic state controlled the vast territory between the Nile and the Oxus.

The Islamic Caliphate became one of the largest unitary states in history, and one of the few states to ever extend direct rule over three continents (Africa, Europe, and Asia). The Umayyads incorporated the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb, and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258).

जाबिर हुसैन का जन्म सन् १९४५ में गाँव नौनहीं राजगिर, जिला नालंदा, बिहार में हुआ। वह अंग्रेजी भाषा एवं साहित्य के प्राध्यापक रहे। सक्रिय राजनीति में भाग लेते हुए १९७७ में मुंगेर से बिहार विधान सभा के सदस्य निर्वाचित हुए और मंत्री बने। वर्ष १९९५ से बिहार विधान परिषद के सभापति थे। जाबिर हुसैन हिंदी, उर्दू तथा अंग्रेजी (तीनों भाषाओं में समान अधिकार के साथ लेखन करते रहे हैं। उनकी हिंदी रचनाओं में- डोला बीबी का मजार, अतीत का चेहरा, लोगां, एक नदी रेत भरी प्रमुख हैं। अपने लंबे राजनैतिक-सामाजिक जीवन के अनुभवों में उपस्थित आम आदमी के संघर्षों को उन्होंने अपने साहित्य में प्रकट किया है। संघर्षरत आम आदमी और विशिष्ट व्यक्तित्वों पर लिखी गई उनकी डायरियाँ चर्चित-प्रशंसित हुई हैं। जाबिर हुसैन ने डायरी विधा में एक अभिनव प्रयोग किया है जो अपनी प्रस्तुति, शैली और शिल्प में नवीन है। ललित नारायण मिथिला विश्वविद्यालय के पूर्व कुलपति ।

Answer:
Helium has two electrons in its energy shell, while argon and neon have 8 electrons in their valence shells. As these have maximum number of electrons in their valence shells, they do not have any tendency to combine with other elements. Hence, they have a valency equal to zero.

Valency is defined as the measure of the combining power with other atoms when it forms a molecule of compound. ... Noble gases have valency 0 because these elements cannot loose or gain electrons. The electrons are fully filled in the sub-shells of these elements. hence, the valency of these elements is 0. Helium has two electrons in its only energy shell. ... As the elements have the maximum number of electrons in their valence shells (thereby achieving stable duplet and octet configurations), they do not have any tendency to combine with other elements. Hence, Helium, Neon, and Argon have zero valency.

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. An operating system has three main functions: (1) manage the computer's resources, such as the central processing unit, memory, disk drives, and printers, (2) establish a user interface, and (3) execute and provide services for applications software.

Here are some tips to help you keep stress at bay.

1. Keep a positive attitude.
2. Accept that there are events that you cannot control.
3. Be assertive instead of aggressive. ...
4. Learn and practice relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, or tai-chi for stress management.
5. Exercise regularly. ...
6. Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.

Election Commission is a federal body, enacted under the provisions of the Constitution, responsible for monitoring and administering all the electoral processes of India. This body is responsible for ensuring elections are free and fair, without any bias. The most fundamental principle defining credible elections is that they must reflect the free expression of the will of the people. To achieve this, elections should be transparent, inclusive, and accountable, and there must be equitable opportunities to compete in the elections.

 Challenges of free and fair election: use of money: political parties may use money to win votes from people. use of muscle power: they may threat the voter to caste vote for them. criminals in politics: this leads to involvement of corrupt practices in elections. capturing of booths: participants may capture a booth.

Popular participation can be defined as the active involvement of citizens in the socio-political activities of a country. It can also be seen as the practice of involving the citizens in the governance of their country and in deciding important socio-cultural, political and economic matters. 

People's participation is becoming the central issue of current period. Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic, social and cultural and political processes that affect their lives. ... It generally refers to people's involvement in particular projects or programmes.

Difference Between Physical Geography and Human Geography

The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at national and state. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies, state legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. The election commission has the right to allow symbols to the political parties. It gives recognition to the national parties, state parties and regional parties. It sets limits on poll expenses. The commission prepare electoral rolls and update the voter's list from time to time. Notifications of dates and schedules of election for filing nominations are issued by the commission. It is noteworthy that Election commission cannot allot same symbol to two regional political parties even if they are not in the same state.

The message conveyed by the poem is that just like humans, animals too long for freedom and do not like being caged. For instance, the tiger in the poem longs to be in the jungle and he looks longingly at the shining stars in the sky. By looking at the stars, the tiger hope to be with nature some day. Just like we humans after working hard in this modern world, look up to nature for comfort. We also learn that one should not be kept away from his natural surroundings as doing so would hamper the growth of his character.
 

League Tournaments: These are also called round robin tournament. In a league tournament, the teams/players are treated at par. Whether the team/player wins a match or loses, the team will get a chance to play with every other team. It is of two types.

(a) Single league tournament 

(b) Double league tournament n( n - 1)

Such kind of tournament produces a true winner.

Fixture for seven teams using round robin method

Number of teams (n) = 7 

Rounds = n = 7

Matches = 7(7-1)/2 = 21 matches

Fixture with the help of cyclic method:

                                                            or

Fixture with the help of step method:

Winner is declared as per the point system.

Win - 2 points

Draw - 1 points

Lose - 0 points

The points are added for all the played matches. The team which scores maximum points will be declared as winner.

उसे सदैव दूसरों के इशारों पर नाचना पड़ता है और वह लंबे अर्से से धागे में बँधी है। वह अपने पाँवों पर खड़ी होकर आत्मनिर्भर बनना चाहती है। धागे में बँधना उसे पराधीनता लगता है, इसीलिए उसे गुस्सा आता है।

Agriculture play a vital role in India’s economy. 54.6% of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities (census 2011) and it contributes 17.4% to the country’s Gross Value Added (current price 2014-15, 2011-12 series). Given the importance of agriculture sector, Government of India took several steps for its sustainable development. Steps have been taken to improve soil fertility on a sustainable basis through the soil health card scheme, to provide improved access to irrigation and enhanced water efficiency through Pradhanmantri Gram Sinchai Yojana, to support organic farming through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and to support for creation of a unified national agriculture market to boost the incomes of farmers.

• Rutherford  postulated  that  the  atom  must  contain  large  empty  spaces  as  most  of  the  α-particles passed through it without getting deflected. Some α-particles were deflected by the foil through small angles, while some were deflected through very large angles. Thus, Rutherford concluded that the positively charged particles in an atom must be concentrated in a very small space.
• Rutherford's Atomic Model:

Based on the results of the α-particle scattering experiments, Rutherford put forth his atomic model. An  atom  contains  a  positively  charged  centre  called the nucleus  of  the  atom.  Almost  all  the  mass  of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. The electrons of the atom revolve around the nucleus in fixed, circular orbits. The  size  of  the  nucleus  is  many  times  smaller  than  the  size  of  the  atom.  The  nucleus  of  an  atom  is 10,000 times smaller than the atom.