i. Macromolecular sol: They are molecules of large size having high molecular masses. Due to long chain, the vander waal's forces are stronger, e.g., rubber, nylon etc. 

ii. Peptization is the process responsible for the formation of stable dispersion of colloidal particles in dispersion medium. In other words, it may be defined as a process of converting a precipitate into colloidal sol by shaking it with dispersion medium in the presence of small amount of electrolyte.
iii.  Emulsion is a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible, e.g. milk.

SI unit of density is Kg/m³
1 m = 100 cm => 1 cm = 10-² m
1 Kg = 1000g => 1g = 10-³ Kg

now,
13.6 g/cm³ = 13.6 × ( 10-³)/(10-²)³ Kg/m³

= 13.6 × 10-³/10^-6 Kg/m³

= 13.6 × 10^(-3 + 6) Kg/m³

= 13.6 × 10³ Kg/m³

Food pipe or oesophagus is the part of digestive system of vertebrates with a distinct path exclusively meant for passage of food.

Food pipe is a muscular tube which is 25 centimetres long, passing just behind the heart region connecting the mouth to the stomach. It is made up of connective tissues and is the uppermost part of the digestive system.

• A neuron is a cell that carries electrical impulses. 
• Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system,
• Every neuron is made of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
• Dendrites and axons are nerve fibers.

The story describes the entire phase of the relationship shared by the author and his grandmother. In his early childhood, the author shared a strong bond with his grandmother. However, that tie of friendship loosened a little when they both shifted to his parents’ city house. She no longer accompanied him to the school and could not help him with his lessons. There was a further crack in the relationship when the author joined the university as he was given a private room and the common link between them was snapped. They were further distanced from each other when the author went abroad for five years.

In spite of changes in the course of the relationship (due to the demands of the situation), their feelings for each other remained unchanged. Though she did not display her emotions, when the author was leaving for abroad, she wholeheartedly celebrated his homecoming when he returned.

In India, separation of functions is followed and not of powers and hence, the principle is not abided in its rigidity. In India, strict separation of powers is not followed as it is followed in the U.S. Apart from the directive principle laid down in Article 50 which enjoins separation of judiciary from the executive, the constitutional scheme does not embody any formalistic and dogmatic division of powers. But a system of checks and balance has been embedded so much so that the courts are competent to strike down the unconstitutional amendments made by the legislature. 

Nature of Separation of Power in India:

• The doctrine of separation of powers is a part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution even though it is not specifically mentioned in it. Hence, no law and amendment can be passed violating it. 
• The logic behind the doctrine is of polarity rather than strict classification, meaning thereby that the center of authority must be dispersed to avoid absolutism. 
• Hence the doctrine can be better appreciated as a doctrine of ‘check and balance’.
• The system of checks and balances is essential for the proper functioning of three organs of the government. 
• Different organs of the state impose checks and balances on the other. 
• Checks and balances act in such a way that no organ of the state becomes too powerful.  
• The constitution of India makes sure that the discretionary power bestowed upon any organ of the state does not breach the principles of democracy. For instance, the legislature can impeach judges but as per the condition i.e. two-third majority.

Working of separation of power in India:

• If we study the constitutional provisions carefully, it is clear that the doctrine of separation of powers has not been accepted in India in its strict sense. 
• In India, not only there is functional overlapping but there is personnel overlapping also. 
• The Supreme Court has declared void the laws passed by the legislature on many occasions and the actions taken by the executive if they have violated any provision of the Constitution or the law passed by the legislature in case of executive actions. 
• The executives have affected the functioning of the judiciary by making appointments to the office of Chief Justice and other judges in many instances.
• The executive resorting to pass ordinance’s, legislature passing NJAC law, keeping some laws under the 9th schedule earlier to keep it away from Judicial review have upset the balance among them.
• In Ram Jawaya v. Punjab (1955) case, the Supreme Court held up the observation that the executive is derived from the legislature and is dependent on it for its legitimacy.
• In Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court held that the amending power of the Parliament is subject to the basic features of the constitution. 
• In Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) case, the Supreme Court held that adjudication of a dispute is a judicial function and parliament cannot even under constitutional amending power is competent to exercise this function.
• In Swaran Singh’s case (1998) the Supreme Court declared the Governor’s pardon of a convict unconstitutional.

As the doctrine of separation of powers is not codified in the constitution, there is a necessity that each pillar of the State to evolve a healthy trend that respects the powers and responsibilities of other organs of the government. A democracy can thrive only when all the organs cooperate together. It’s time to resolve the differences and move forward with a common goal to take India on great heights.

You are the director of ‘Pawan Hans’ a placement agency with excellent track record. You provide skilled as well as unskilled workers to business establishments, construction companies and manufacturing houses. Draft an advertisement for a national daily offering your services to your prospective clients.
Answer:

PLACEMENT SERVICES

Available for immediate employment, skilled as well as unskilled workers suitable for business establishments, construction companies and manufacturing houses. For consultancy and confirmation, contact: Pawan Hans, 2/21 Kirti Nagar, New Delhi. Tel.:  98XXXXXX

Natural resources
Natural resources are something which comes from nature and people cannot make natural resources, but they can collect it. 

Air, water, soil, coal, petroleum, natural gas and minerals are obtained from nature, so they are called natural resources.

A n s w e r 

suprabhaatam

We say suprabhaatam (सुप्रभातम्) in Sanskrit in order to say 'good morning'. Namaskaaraha (नमस्कारः) and namaste (नमस्ते) are very popular words in Sanskrit. They are very common spoken greetings.

The earthquake waves cause vibration in the body of the rocks through which they pass. P-waves vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. This exerts pressure on the material in the direction of the propagation. As a result, it creates density differences in the material leading to stretching and squeezing of the material. Other three waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The direction of vibrations of S-waves is perpendicular to the wave direction in the vertical plane. Hence, they create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass. Surface waves are considered to be the most damaging waves.

An Hour

E x p l a n  a t i o n :

The County Inspector came to check the mechanical teacher. He was a round little man and he had a red face. He was carrying a big box full of tools with dials and wires.

 The man was an expert and within an hour he had repaired the computer and had closed it and made it ready to teach Margie once again.

Tweed is a type of wool weave that is designed for weather resistance. Since they're made from natural wool, each tweed product looks slightly different, which has always added to the allure.

If two triangles are similar to each other, then the ratio of the areas of these triangles will be equal to the square of the ratio of the corresponding sides of these triangles.

It is given that the sides are in the ratio 4:9.

Therefore, ratio between areas of these triangles = (4 / 9)² = 1681

Hence, the correct answer is 16 : 81.

 The rishi explained that the first bird imitated the same words that he heard from the robbers, whereas the second bird repeated the words that he had always heard at the ashram. This implies that the different ways of behaviour between the two birds was the result of the company in which they lived.