Salt dissolved in water and soft drink are examples of a homogeneous mixture. 

The basic economic activities of life are production, distribution and disposition of goods and services. A society will be facing scarcity of resources during the time of fulfillment of these activities. As such scarcity is evident, due to the availability of limited resources, and human needs having no limit.

Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or a company (usually the one that developed it). There are almost always major restrictions on its use, and its source code is almost always kept secret.

Source code is the form in which a program is originally written by a human using a programming language and prior to being converted to machine code which is directly readable by a computer's CPU (central processing unit). It is necessary to have the source code in order to be able to modify or improve a program.

Software that is not proprietary includes free software and public domain software. Free software, which is generally the same as open source software, is available at no cost to everyone, and it can be used by anyone for any purpose and with only very minimal restrictions.

1.As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories.

2.Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities where manufacturing centers were found.

3.The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew.

4.New groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped great rewards

Answer.

(a) Correct order of steps that are needed to grow crops are given below:

(b)Wheat is grown in my area.

Steps involved in growing wheat crop are given below:

(i) Soil is cultivated with the plough.

(ii) Seeds are sown in the soil manually or by sees drill.

(iii) Manure and fertilizers are added to the soil.

(iv) Soil is irrigated properly.

(iv) Weeds are removed.

(v) Crop is cut using a combine.

(vi) Wheat seeds are packed and stored properly.

• Substantial increase in the number of vehicles on Delhi roads in recent years.  In fact, studies have shown more than a lakh vehicles are plying almost every day on most of the important corridors in Delhi.
• The road length in Delhi has increased at the rate of 4.53% per year, which, of course, is not in pace with the growing population. It is reported that the road density in Delhi is around 155 km per 100,000 population and about 80 vehicles per km.
• At the intersections, the cycle time ranges from 120 to 180 seconds, which leads to long queues, especially in the peak hours.
• Another major cause is that Delhi roads are characterised by mixed traffic, which include, personal vehicles, buses, trucks, three-wheelers, two-wheelers, including animal-driven carts and pedestrians. This creates problems for traffic management and leads to delays in movement of the traffic.
• Increase in the growth of the population in Delhi, which includes the growing number of workforce, is another important cause.
• There has been inadequate public transport system in Delhi. In spite of metro and bus services, the transport system is not being able to keep pace with the growing population, as a result of which, more and more people use their private vehicles, leading to increased congestion on the roads.
• Last, but not the least, ongoing construction of Metro network in various locations, damaged roads, repairing roads all contribute to severe traffic congestion in the city.

• Sound is a form of energy that travels in the form of vibrations through the air or any another medium.

Sound is produced when something vibrates. The vibrating body causes the medium (water, air, etc.) around it to vibrate. Vibrations in air are called traveling longitudinal waves, which we can hear. Sound waves consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions, respectively. 

There are two types of sound, Audible and Inaudible.

Inaudible sounds are sounds that the human ear cannot detect. The human ear hears frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 KHz.
Sounds that are below 20 Hz frequency are called Infrasonic Sounds. Elephants use Infrasonic sounds to communicate with herds 100s of kms away.
Sounds that are above 20 KHz frequency are called Ultrasonic Sounds. Dogs, Bats can hear high frequency sounds.

 5/100 = 0.05

125/100 = 1.25

29/10 = 2.9

John Rawl's Political Liberalism (1993) marked an important new development in liberal theory. Other conceptions of liberalism—such as the perfectionist and autonomy-based theory of Joseph Raz (1986)—offer comprehensive philosophies of life, which include ideals of personal character, friendship, and association. By contrast, political liberalism is a moral conception concerned only with the basic structure of a society, and presented as a view that is independent of any comprehensive doctrine. Its fundamental terms—such as the idea of individuals as free and equal citizens—are derived from the public political culture of a liberal democracy. Political liberalism recommends its principles as a way of fairly resolving disagreements in a pluralistic society; it does not expect free and equal citizens to agree on one comprehensive conception. Political liberalism instead locates an overlapping consensus in the midst of reasonable pluralism. Like liberalism itself, political liberalism is a family of conceptions, which share the aim of finding fair terms of social cooperation among free and equal members of a democratic society.

The Roll-Top
The author found a roll-top desk in a junk shop. It was in a bad condition but cheap. He thought that he could restore it. So he bought it. He began to work on it on Christmas Eve.

The Letter
He pulled out the drawers. He found that these had been badly damaged by fire and water. The man who sold it had told him that it was very old. It was of 19th century and made of oak. The last drawer had stuck fast. He had to use much force to open it. When it opened, it revealed a secret space. In it he found a small tin box. On the top of the box these words were written : “Jim’s last letter, received January 25, 1915. To be buried with me when the time comes.” Inside, there was an envelope with the address : “Mrs Jim Macpherson 12 Copper Beeches, Bridport.” The date was December 26, 1914.

Jim and Connie
The author read the letter. The owner of the desk must have put it in. The letter had been written by a captain of the English army. His name was Jim Macpherson. He had written it to his wife Connie. A wonderful incident had happened on the battlefield on the Christmas day. Jim Macpherson had narrated it in his letter.

Unforgettable Moments
The English and the Germans were at war. The two armies stood in their respective trenches on the two sides of the no man’s land. Suddenly Macpherson saw someone waving a white flag from the enemy side. Then he saw many German soldiers calling out to them. They were wishing a happy Christmas to the English soldiers. Some English soldiers shouted back ‘Same to you’. The English thought that was all. To their surprise, they saw many Germans moving towards them. The captain was alarmed. It could be a trick. But it was not. They were bringing with them German wine and canned meat. Now there were no rifles between the soldiers. They were hugging one another. The German officer moved towards Macpherson. They shook hands very warmly. Then the German officer said that he was from Dusseldorf and that he played cello in the orchestra. He gave his name as Hans Wolf. In return, Macpherson also introduced himself. He said that he was a school teacher from Dorset.

Dorset and Hardy
Hans Wolf smiled. He said he knew Dorset. In fact he had never been to England. But he knew English. His favourite writer was Thomas Hardy. His favourite book was ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’. It was from there he had learnt all about Dorset. Macpherson shared with Hans Wolf the Christmas cake his wife had sent for him. Hans Wolf said that the marzipan was the best he had ever tasted. It was a wonderful Christmas party.

War or Football
Then a soldier brought out a football. The soldiers played while Macpherson and Hans Wolf clapped and cheered. Hans Wolf sug-gested that the world would be much better if the problems were resolved by a football match instead of war.

The Celebration
After the football match, all the drinks and eatables were consumed. Now it was time to part. Hans Wolf saluted Macpherson and walked away slowly and unwillingly. That night the Germans were heard singing a carol. The English soldiers replied with a rousing chorus of another carol. They exchanged carols for a while and then it was all silence. Macpherson wrote in his letter that he would treasure those moments all his life.

The Hope
Macpherson ended the letter hoping that the war would end soon. Both armies longed for peace and he was sure they would be together again.

The Burnt House
Having read the letter, the author, put it back in the envelope. He decided to give the letter back to whom it belonged. The address was of Bridport, Dorset. So he drove to that place. The house no. 12 turned out to be a burnt-out shell. It was found that Mrs Macpherson was in the house when it caught fire. The fireman had got her out just in time. She was 101 years old. Now she was in a nursing home.

Mrs Macpherson
The author went to the nursing home. He met the matron. She told the author that Mrs Macpherson was rather confused that day. They had put her in a conservatory. The author found Mrs Macpherson sitting in a chair. Naturally, she looked up at the author vacantly. But her eyes lit up when he called her ‘Connie’ and gave her the letter. He told her how he had got the letter. But she was not listening to him. She reached out and took his hand. Her eyes were filled with tears. She felt that her Jim had returned. She said that her Jim had kept his promise. He had returned on the eve of Christmas. She made him sit beside her. She kissed his cheek. She talked long and lovingly to him. She said that she had got the best Christmas present in the world.

Sub-culture: A group of people within a large culture represents sub-culture. They borrow from or often distant, exaggerate or invent the symbols, values and beliefs of the people.