Given: Diameter of the spherical ball (d)= 28 cm

Radius =d/2=  28/2 cm = 14 cm

Amount of water displaced by a solid  spherical ball = Volume of spherical ball = 4/3πr³

= (4/3 × 22/7 × 14 × 14 × 14)
= 34496/3 = 11498.67 cm³

Amount of water displaced by a solid spherical ball= 11498.67 cm³

To determine the percentage of water absorbed by raisins.

Apparatus and materials required:

A bowl, forceps, a common balance, a weight box, blotting paper and a few raisins.

Theory:

When raisins are placed in water (a hypotonic solution), they absorb water by a process called osmosis and swell up. Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. The movement of water into the cells of the raisins through their cell membranes continues until the cells become turgid.

This process is called endosmosis. If these swollen raisins are now kept in a concentrated salt or sugar solution (a hypertonic solution), water from the turgid raisins will come out of the cells and they will shrink. This process is called exosmosis.

The percentage of water absorbed by the raisins due to endosmosis can be measured by knowing the difference of their initial weight and final weight.

Procedure:

1. Take three raisins and weigh them on the common balance. Let this value be W₁.

2. Keep these raisins in a bowl containing water for 2 hours.

3. Take the raisins out of water and gently dry them with the help of blotting paper.

4. Weigh the soaked swollen raisins again on the common balance. Let this value be W₂.

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Observations:

1. Weight of dry raisins = W₁.

2. Weight of swollen raisins =W₂.

3. Weight of the water absorbed by raisins = W₂ – W₁.

4. Percentage (%) of water absorbed by raisins = W₂ – W₁/W₁× 100.

Result:

The soaked swollen raisins weigh more than the dry raisins. This is because the raisins absorbed water by the process of endosmosis.

Precautions:
1. The raisins should be weighed accurately.

2. The raisins should be immersed completely in water.

3. Before weighing the soaked raisins, these should be dried gently with the help of blotting paper.

Aim

To determine the mass percentage of water absorbed by raisins.

Theory
Dry raisins when soaked in water they absorb water and increases their size by the process of osmosis and swell up. Osmosis is the movement of solvent from higher concentration to lower concentration through semi-permeable membrane. The difference in mass between the swollen and dry raisins gives the amount of water absorbed by the raisins.

Materials Required
Raisins, Electronic balance, Blotting Paper, Bowl, Petridish and Forceps

Procedure
Step 1: 10 dry raisins is taken and weigh them on electronic balance. Let it be x.
Step 2: These raisins were put in bowl containing water for 2 hours.

Step 3: These raisins were taken out using forceps and dried gently with the help of blotting paper.
Step 4: Weigh these soaked raisins on electronic balance. Let it be y.

Observation
The weight of dry raisins is x grams and weigh of soaked raisins is y.

Calculation
Weight of water absorbed by raisins = (y - x)
Percentage of water absorbed by raisins = {(y - x)/x} × 100

Result
The weight of the raisins soaked in water is more than the dried raisins because raisins absorbed water by the process of endosmosis.

Precaution
1. Raisins should be dried and weigh accurately.
2. Raisins should be properly soaked.
3. Excess water should be dried gently before weighing.

(i) One of the major reasons for less effectiveness is the lack of proper implementation and right targeting.
(ii) Moreover, there has been a lot of overlapping of schemes.
(iii) Despite good intentions, the benefits of these schemes do not reach the deserving poor completely.
(iv) Therefore, the major emphasis in recent years is on proper monitoring of all the poverty alleviation programmes.

Indian Government still faces the challenge of poverty due to the following factors:
1. Rapid Growth Of Population:
Population growth at a faster rate increases labor supply which tends to lower the wage rate.
2. Unequal Distribution Of Land and Other Assets:
Unequal distribution of and and other assets indicates a high degree of poverty in India.
3. Decline of village Industries:
Village industries fail to compete with the rural industries in terms of quality and price. As a result, they close down leading unemployment.
4. Lack Of Employment Opportunities:
Unemployment is the reflection of poverty. 
5. Social Customs:
The rural-ties spend a large amount of annual incomes on social ceremonies like marriage, death feasts etc. As a result, they remain in debt and poverty.

The numbers 1,2, 3, are called natural numbers or counting numbers. 
Let us add one more number i.e., zero (0), to the collection of natural numbers. Now the numbers are 0,1,2, … These numbers are called whole numbers
We can say that whole nos. consist of zero and the natural numbers. Therefore, except zero all the whole nos. are natural numbers.
Facts of Whole numbers
1) The smallest natural number is 1.
2) The number 0 is the first and the smallest whole nos.
3) There are infinitely many or uncountable number of whole-numbers

• City life began in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia is derived from the Greek words ‘mesos’, meaning middle, and ‘potamos’, meaning river.)
• It is a flat land between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers that is now part of the Republic of Iraq.
•  In the north, there is a stretch of upland called a steppe, where animal herding offers people a better livelihood than agriculture
• Agriculture began between 7000 and 6000 BCE.
• Soil was very fertile here but agriculture was threatened because of natural causes.
• Ur, Lagash, Kish, Uruk and Mari were some of its important cities.
• The excavation work started 150 years ago.

Water cycle. Water is one of the most important physical components which is essential for survival of life on earth. Ocean is the biggest store house of water which on evaporation forms clouds and which after condensation fall down as rain. After rain it passes through rivers and gets collected again in the ocean. The circulation of water in this manner is known as water cycle. The cycle is also performed through living beings like absorption and transpiration of water by plants and drinking by animals. Animals loose water during respiration and evaporation or perspiration. They loose water through excretion.

• **Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): It is a scheme started in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.
• Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP): It was launched in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme.
• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): It was launched in 1999. The programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY): It was launched in 2000. Under this programme, additional Central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification

Router  acts as a traffic controller for data to and from the internet

13×9=117

Carpet area =0.75×l

ATQ

0.75×l=13×9

L=156

Cost=156×₹105

= ₹16380

yes , sorry

a) Active: Brutus stabbed Caesar.

Passive: Caesar was stabbed by Brutus.

b) Let the door be opened.

Under perfect competition, total revenue curve is an upward sloping straight line starting from the origin since MR is constant and MR is the rate of TR.

A pulley is a simple machine used to change the direction of a force. Think of raising a flag or lifting a heavy stone.

Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field to make the whole system more rational and effective. His civil code of 1804 was known as Napoleonic Code.

(i) First, he did away with all the privileges based on birth. Everyone became equal before the law. He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial duties.

(ii) He secured the right to property.

(iii) Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen found a new-found freedom as guild restrictions were removed in towns also.

(iv) Uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, a common national currency facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.