Text alignment primarily places the cursor or aligns the text with the different margins of the document. There are four different types of text alignment:-
1.right alignment
2.left alignment
3.center alignment
4,justify alignment 

It is in AP with common difference d=5²−1=24 and a=1,

Next three terms are 

a+(5−1)d=97,

a+(6−1)d=121,

a+(7−1)d=145

A n s w  e r

Total sum of the pentagon is 540 degree
Three angles 90degree each
=3×90=270
Let Other two angles of same measure=x
Total sum=540
270+2x=540
2x=540-270
2x=270
X=135
Other two angles are 135 degree each

Drip system

There is network of narrow pipes with small holes in the fields.When water flows through the narrow pipes,it fall drop by drop at the position of roots of the plants.This water is absorbed by the soil in the root zone of the plants and utilised by the plant.There is no wastage of irrigation of water.

Advantages

1)It provides water to plants drop by drop.So water is not wasted at all.

2) It minimises the use of water in agriculture.It is useful in those regions where the availability of water is poor.

 In computer programming, pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the three-clause BSD license.

Pandas is a package of python which allows us to perform various operations on datasets such as reshaping,merging,sorting , slicing and so on.

Radius of curvature R = 30 cm

Radius of curvature = 2 × Focal length (f)

R = 2 f

Hence, the focal length of the given convex mirror is 15 cm.

A n s w  e r

The weight of an object is the gravitational force acting on it. Since, the gravitational force of the moon is 1 / 6 th of earth. The weight of an object on moon is also 1 / 6 th as compared to its weight on earth.

Radius of curvature R = 30 cm

Radius of curvature = 2 × Focal length (f)

R = 2 f

Hence, the focal length of the given convex mirror is 15 cm.

Evans told Jackson that his hat was his lucky charm and was the only thing that ever brought him any luck. Since he had an important exam to appear for, he needed all the luck he could get on his side. With these pleading words, Evans convinced Jackson to allow him to wear his hat for the exam.

Taplow is a boy of sixteen. He is pure at heart. He is a boy with no whims and fancy of his own. It is his frank nature which make us appreciate him all the more. It is great to watch that even after absenting himself from school for a day, he is ready to wait the next day to meet his teacher. His patience is all the more most attractive feature. Taplow paints before us a picture of a boy with divine nature. Inspite of having many good qualities Taplow is also good at flattery. He is waiting for the teacher because he wants extra marks for the test. Still inspite of follies he behaves in a simple, innocent manner. Infact he has not been touched by modernism and has a pure, serene heart.

Disadvantages of Social Media

Despite having such unique advantages, social media is considered to be one of the most harmful elements of society. If the use of social media is not monitored, it can lead to grave consequences.

It is harmful because it invades your privacy like never before. The oversharing happening on social media makes children a target for predators and hackers. It also leads to cyberbullying which affects any person significantly.

Thus, the sharing on social media especially by children must be monitored at all times. Next up is the addition of social media which is quite common amongst the youth.

This addiction hampers with the academic performance of a student as they waste their time on social media instead of studying. Social media also creates communal rifts. Fake news is spread with the use of it, which poisons the mind of peace-loving citizens.

In short, surely social media has both advantages and disadvantages. But, it all depends on the user at the end. The youth must particularly create a balance between their academic performances, physical activities, and social media. Excess use of anything is harmful and the same thing applies to social media. Therefore, we must strive to live a satisfying life with the right balance.

Advantages of Social Media

When we look at the positive aspect of social media, we find numerous advantages. The most important being a great device for education. All the information one requires is just a click away. Students can educate themselves on various topics using social media.

Moreover, live lectures are now possible because of social media. You can attend a lecture happening in America while sitting in India.

Furthermore, as more and more people are distancing themselves from newspapers, they are depending on social media for news. You are always updated on the latest happenings of the world through it. A person becomes more socially aware of the issues of the world.

In addition, it strengthens bonds with your loved ones. Distance is not a barrier anymore because of social media. For instance, you can easily communicate with your friends and relatives overseas.

Most importantly, it also provides a great platform for young budding artists to showcase their talent for free. You can get great opportunities for employment through social media too.

Another advantage definitely benefits companies who wish to promote their brands. Social media has become a hub for advertising and offers you great opportunities for connecting with the customer.

Sanctuary means a place of safety.

Wildlife Sanctuary means the place where wild animals remain safe.

A wildlife sanctuary is a protected area of land which is created for the protection of wild animals in their natural environment like forest.

1)A wildlife sanctuary Provides protection and suitable living conditions to the wild animals in their natural habitat.

2)In  a wildlife sanctuary killing and capturing of wild animals is strictly prohibited.

3)It does not allow any human activity which disturbs the wild animals or their habitat.Animals live in natural environment, protected from people.

Some of threatened wild animals are protected and preserved in our wildlife sanctuaries are Black buck, white-eyed buck, elephant, pink-headed duck, gharial, marsh crocodile, python etc.

4)The wildlife sanctuaries are spread across our country and provide a fascinating diversity of terrain, flora and fauna.They have unique landscape-broad level forests, mountain forests, bush lands in deltas of big rivers.

5)India has more than 500 wildlife sanctuaries.

 A ballot paper is actually a device meant for casting votes in an election, and maybe a piece of paper or a small ball used in secret voting. The word ballot derives from an Italian ‘ballotta’, which means a small ball used in voting or a secret vote taken by ballots in the city of Venice, Italy It is a printed form upon which voters mark their choices in an election.

EVM stands for Electronic Voting Machines. These are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting. EVMs helps in reducing the time in both casting a vote and declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system.

Answer:
It was the last lesson of M. Hamel in the school as the new German teacher was arriving the following day. M. Hamel was sad and sentimental as he was to leave the school after forty years of service as a teacher in French. He was very emotional, kind and understanding. So, he did not scold Franz even though he was late.

What was the Rowlatt Act? (2011 OD)
Answer:
Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. In other words, the Act proposed no appeal, no vakil and no daleel.

Question 2.
Why was the Rowlatt Act imposed? (2011 D)
Answer:
The imposing of the Rowlatt Act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law.

Question 3.
In which session of the Indian National Congress was the demand for ‘Puma Swaraj’ formalized? (2012 D)
Answer:
Lahore Session, December 1929.

Question 4.
Who composed ‘Vande Mataram’? (2012 D)
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Question 5.
Who created the first image of Bharat Mata? (2012 D)
Answer:
Abanindranath Tagore

Question 6.
Why was the Khilafat movement started? (2012 OD)
Answer:
Khilafat movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali Brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in response to the harsh treatment given to the Caliph of Ottoman empire and the dismemberment of the Ottoman empire by the British.

Question 7.
What combination of colours was there in the ‘Swaraj flag’ designed by Gandhiji in 1921? (2012 OD)
Answer:
Red, Green and White.

Question 8.
What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement? (2013 OD)
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the movement had turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent dash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles.

Question 9.
Which Act did not permit plantation workers to leave the tea garden without permission?
Answer:
Inland Emigration Act of 1859.

Question 10.
Name two main ‘Satyagraha’ movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917. (2013 D)
Answer:

1. Indigo Planters Movement in Champaran, Bihar in 1916.
2. Peasants Satyagraha Movement was organized in Kheda district in Gujarat in 1917 to support peasants in the demand for relaxation of revenue collection.

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Q u e s t i o n :
How many minutes did the train stop at Ahmedabad station?

A n s w e r:
The train stopped for 20 minutes at Ahmedabad station.

Let speed of the boat in still water = x km/hr, and

Speed of the current = y km/hr

Downstream speed = (x+y) km/hr

Upstream speed = (x - y) km/hr

... (1)

... (2)

Putting   the equations become:

24u + 16v = 6

Or, 12u + 8v = 3... (3)

36u + 12v = 6

Or, 6u + 2v = 1... (4)

Multiplying (4) by 4, we get,

24u + 8v = 4… (5)

Subtracting (3) by (5), we get,

12u = 1

u = 

Putting the value of u in (4), we get, v = 

_{Thus, speed of the boat upstream = 4 km/hr}

_{Speed of the boat downstream = 12 km/hr}