Knock-out Tournament
Most of the tournaments are organised on the basis of knock-out. In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated, automatically gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams continue in the tournament. It means that second opportunity is not given to the defeated team. Opportunities are given to the winning teams or players. For example, if four teams participate in knock-out tournament, the winning team is declared in the following way.
In the 1st round, team A and B as well as team C and D play their matches. If team B and team D become the winners of 1st round, these teams, i.e., B and D get opportunity to play in the 2nd round and team A and team C will be eliminated from the tournament. Finally, the winner of match between team C and team D becomes the winner of the tournament.

Merits of Arithmetic Mean :
(i) To present a brief picture of data : The main purpose of average is to present a simple and systematic description of the data.
(ii) To represent the universe : It also helps to obtain a picture of a complete group.
(iii) Basis of statistical analysis : It is the basis of statistical analysis and analyze the data.
(iv) To facilitate comparison : It helps in comparing the data of various categories.
Demerits of Arithmetic Mean :
(i) The arithmetic mean is highly affected by extreme values.
(ii) It cannot average the ratios and percentages properly.
(iii) It is not an appropriate average for highly skewed distributions.
(iv) It cannot be computed accurately if any item is missing.

इसे सेवा क्षेत्र के रूप में जाना जाता है
तृतीयक क्षेत्र प्राथमिक और माध्यमिक क्षेत्रों के लिए उपयोगी सेवाएं प्रदान करता है
यह क्षेत्र अच्छी तरह से व्यवस्थित है और अपने कार्यों को करने के लिए आधुनिक-रसद सेवाओं का उपयोग करता है
बैंकिंग, बीमा व्यापार और संचार इस क्षेत्र के अंतर्गत आते हैं
आगामी वर्षों में इस क्षेत्र के रोजगार में वृद्धि हुई है

A Kind Deed 

Away from the crowds of cities, in a far flung village, lived a boy named Ravi. Ravi became an orphan when he was still a baby. One day, an old woman came to his hut and said that he should come along with her and she would change his life. As Ravi was living all alone and there was no one to take care of him, he agreed to go along with the old woman. She took him to her house. She asked him to take his bath and then gave him something to eat. Since her husband was the Principal of a school, she spoke to him about Ravi. She got the boy admitted in the school. And after school Ravi would come over to the old woman's house and help her in the household chores. Ravi was good at studies and also was very good in athletics. The school encouraged his desire and he became a national level athletics champion. The old woman had seen his potential in running and this was the reason she had got him to her house. It was because of the old lady that Ravi's talent was encouraged and that it did not go for a waste.

आर्थिक क्रियाओ को वर्गीकरण तीन क्षेत्रकों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है-

(i) प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक - प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक में कृषि, वानिकी, पशुपालन, मत्स्यपालन, मुर्गीपालन और खनन एवं उत्खनन शामिल हैं। 

(ii) द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक -द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक में विनिर्माण शामिल है। 

(iii) तृतीयक क्षेत्रक- तृतीयक क्षेत्रक में व्यापार, परिवहन, संचार, बैंकिंग, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, बीमा, बैंकिंग आदि सेवाएं शामिल है। 

आर्थिक क्रियाओ को वर्गीकरण तीन क्षेत्रकों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है-

(i) प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक - प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक में कृषि, वानिकी, पशुपालन, मत्स्यपालन, मुर्गीपालन और खनन एवं उत्खनन शामिल हैं। 

(ii) द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक -द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक में विनिर्माण शामिल है। 

(iii) तृतीयक क्षेत्रक- तृतीयक क्षेत्रक में व्यापार, परिवहन, संचार, बैंकिंग, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, बीमा, बैंकिंग आदि सेवाएं शामिल है। 

भारत में सरकारी रोजगार ने एक प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई है
जाति, धर्म और क्षेत्र की सीमाओं को पार करना। एक समाजशास्त्री ने तर्क दिया है
यही वजह है कि भिलाई जैसी जगह पर कभी सांप्रदायिक दंगे नहीं हुए
सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र का भिलाई स्टील प्लांट पूरे भारत के लोगों को रोजगार देता है
जो एक साथ काम करते हैं दूसरे लोग इस पर सवाल उठा सकते हैं। तीसरा, चूंकि बहुत कम लोग हैं
यूनियनों के सदस्य, संगठित क्षेत्र की एक विशेषता, उनके पास अनुभव नहीं है
उचित मजदूरी और सुरक्षित कामकाजी परिस्थितियों के लिए सामूहिक रूप से लड़ना। सरकार
असंगठित क्षेत्र में स्थितियों की निगरानी के लिए कानून हैं, लेकिन व्यवहार में वे हैं
नियोक्ता या ठेकेदार की सनक और सनक पर छोड़ दिया।

Government employment in India has played a major role in overcoming boundaries of caste, religion and region. One sociologist has argued that the reason why there have never been communal riots in a place like Bhilai is because the public sector Bhilai Steel Plant employs people from all over India who work together. Others may question this. Third, since very few people are members of unions, a feature of the organised sector, they do not have the experience of collectively fighting for proper wages and safe working conditions. The government has laws to monitor conditions in the unorganised sector, but in practice they are left to the whims and fancies of the employer or contractor.

if the other things, that is, determinants of demand other than price such as consumers’ tastes and preferences, income, price of the related goods change, the whole demand curve will change. When due to the changes in these other factors, the demand curve shifts upwards, increase in demand is said to have occurred.

Increase in demand means the consumer buys more of the good at various prices than before. For example, if the income of a consumer increases, or if the fashion for a goods increases, the consumer will buy greater quantities of the goods than before at various given prices. As a result the whole demand curve will shift upward.
In brief increase in demand occurs due to the following reasons:-

(i) The fashion for a goods increases or people’s tastes and preferences become more favourable for the good;

(ii) Consumer’s income increases.

(iii) Prices of the substitutes of the goods in question have risen.

(iv) Prices of complementary goods have fallen.

माप, साइज या चौड़ाई

किसी वर्ग अंतराल का ऊपर का मान उस वर्ग अंतराल की उपरि वर्ग सीमा कहलाता है तथा उसका नीचे का मान उसकी निम्न वर्ग सीमा कहलाता है। किसी वर्ग की उपरि वर्ग सीमा और निम्न वर्ग सीमा का अंतर उस वर्ग की माप, साइज या चौड़ाई कहलाता है।

1. Increasing inter regional, economic and infrastructural inequalities.
2. The states are not developed in some uniform manner, some are well developed while some to receive attention. This creates discord among the citizens and a feeling of alievation.
3. The market economy tends to increase the gap between developed and backward classes. The rich tend to get richer while the poor tend to get poorer.

The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wire is called ductility. It is one such property of metals that is used to make wires from metals. Metals such as copper have high ductility and thus can be drawn into long and thin wires without breaking.

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The boys returned the horse to Byro not because they were fraid but because their conscience pricked them.When John Byro met the boys,.the stolen horse was with them. John Byro recognized his horse but refused to believe that Mourad and Aram had stolen it. According to him, the fame of their honesty was widely known. This was the juncture when the conscience stricken boys decided to return the horse.  

UV light (ultraviolet light) is having a wavelength between 10 and 400 nm that is shorter than the visible light but longer than the X-rays and is a type of electromagnetic radiation. These are present in sunlight and contributes 10% of the total light from the sun.

Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere

Causes of ozone depletion:

• Methyl bromide
• Nitrogen oxides released from freezers, air conditioners, aerosol products and industrial solvents
• Compounds such as CFCs break down into chlorine atoms in the atmosphere. These chlorine atoms break down O₃ into oxygen (O₂) and nascent oxygen (O).