The perimeter of a circle can also be specified as Circumference of the circle.

The formula for the circumference of a circle:

C = 2πR = πD

where, C= circumference and π= It is constant pronounced as “pi” with the value of 22/7 or 3.14

A n s w e r:
Many powers of the Central government have been given to State government of the two regions of the country. The State governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

1. It stresses on, political equality.

2. It means that everyone in the country irrespective of the caste, colour, gender, creed and income earned is allowed to vote for his own representative.

3. The choice and opportunity is available to all the citizens on an equal basis without any discrimination on the basis of gender, caste, colour,etc.

4. The policy of one persons one vote, and one value should be followed in a democracy.

Democracy must be based on a free and fair elections :
No doubt, in democracy, the rulers are to be elected by the people. But many more things have also to be kept in view. In many so called democratic countries, the final decisions do not rest with the elected people but with the army officials, as is the case in Pakistan. In some other countries, the elections are held but only one party is allowed to take part in the elections, as is the case with China where the Chinese Communist Party is allowed to take part in the elections. So such a country cannot be called a true democratic country in the true sense of the word, although elections are held there regularly.

Free and fair elections means that elections offer equal opportunities for all competing parties and candidates. Such equality requires the ability of political parties and candidates to register for office without unreasonable requirements, balanced access to the media for all candidates, the absence of campaign finance abuse, and an independent electoral process.

Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad: The Manchester of India. Ahmedabad is referred to as the 'Manchester of India' is a major industrial region of India. The city is located on the banks of River Sabarmati and boasts of its marvellous architecture, rich history and authentic culture.

A democratic government is one in which the people's representatives participate in decision making process. They own a collective responsibility for all the decisions taken by the government. There are example where representatives of people are chosen; but they are not allowed to participate in decision making process. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. e.g. currently in Pakistan under General Musharraf. In Pakistan, General Parvej Musharraf acquired power in October 1999 through an military coup. In Pakistan though they formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. Not withstanding the existence of elected national and provincial assemblies, these countries can not be classified as a democratic country. This gives us the first feature in a democracy the final decision making power must rest with those elected by the people.

Some of the major features of a democracy are:

• The final decision making power rests with those elected by the people.
• It must be based on a free and fair election.
• Each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
• It should rule within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights.

bac​ = y as they are corresponding angles since ac is parallel to de
then,
cda=90 (as my assumption) cdg+y+25=90
 
cdg+20+25=90; cdg=45
cdg+20 i mean 45 +20 =65=acd (alternate angles)
 
x+acd=180 (linear pair)
x+65=180
x=115

NEED OF BUSINESS FINANCE:

Uses

1. Fixed Capital Requirement: In order to start a business, funds are needed to purchase fixed assets like land and building, plant and machinery.The funds required in fixed assest remain invested in the business for a long period of time.
2. Working Capital Requirement: A business needs funds for its day to day operation. This is known as working Capital requirements. Working capital is required for purchase of raw materials, to pay salaries, wages, rent and taxes.
3. Diversification: A company needs more funds to diversify its operation to become a multi-product company e.g. ITC.
4. Technology upgradation: Finance is needed to adopt modern technology for example uses of computers in business.
5. Growth and expansion: Higher growth of a business enterprise requires higher investment in fixed assets. So finance is needed for growth and expansion.

 Classification of Sources of Funds

(i) Period Basis On the basis of time period, a business finance can be classified in three categories.

(a) Long Term Finance Funds which are required to be invested In a business for a long period of time, that is more than five years are known as long term finance.

(b) Medium Term Finance The finance required by business enterprises for more than one year but less than five years is known as medium term finance.

(c) Short Term Finance The finance required for a short period upto one year is known as short term finance.

(ii) Ownership Basis On the basis of ownership, the sources can be classified into ‘owner’s fund’ and ‘borrowed fund’,

(a) Owner Fund It refers to the funds contributed by owners as well as the accumulated profit of the company this fund remains with the company and it has no liability to return this fund. e.g., equity shares, retained earnings.

(b) Borrowed Fund It refers to the borrowing of the firm. It includes all funds available by way of loans or credit

(iii) Source of Generation Basis Another basis of categorising the sources of funds can be whether the funds are generated from with in the organisation internal or from external sources.

‘People as a resource’ is a term that means how the population can be an asset and not a liability. It a way of referring to the working class of society in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. The population becomes human capital when an investment is done in the form of education and training. Education and health also help human beings to be an asset to the economy. Thus, people as a resource refers to the working population that results in the development of society.

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It is a set of rules by which the government rules our country. It is the supreme law of the land. It came into effect on 26th January 1950. Our Constitution is based on the principles of democracy, socialism and secularism.

Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is known as ‘The Father of Indian Constitution‘.

Importance:

(i) A Constitution lays out certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens aspire to live in.

(ii) It tells us about the fundamental nature of our society.

(iii) It helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.

(iv) This includes the type of government and also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country should uphold.

(v) When Nepal was a monarchy, it reflected the final authority of the king. After transition of Nepal into a democracy, it started the process of writing a new constitution for the country.

(vi) In a democracy, leaders exercise their power responsibly on the behalf of the people. It defines country’s political system.

(vii) In democratic societies, the constitution lays down the rules that guard against the misuse of authority by our political leaders. It lays certain important guidelines that govern decision making processes.

(viii) A Constitution plays an important function in a democracy to ensure that a dominant groups does not use its power against any person, group, organization, etc.

(ix) Constitution prevents tyranny or domination by the majority of a minority.

(x) The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality to all citizens and says that no citizen can be discriminated on the basis of religion, caste, gender, race, etc.

Draw the graph of the equation represented by the straight line which is parallel to the x-axis and is 4 units above it. Solution : Any straight line parallel to x-axis is given by y = k, where k is the distance of the line from the x-axis. Here k = 4. Therefore, the equation of the line is y = 4. To draw the graph of this equation, plot the points (1, 4) and (2, 4) and join them. This is the required graph

Click the given link:

<a href="https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/ieep204.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/ieep204.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjniObt45XsAhWTj-YKHQ-zAuwQFjAZegQICxAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">linear equations in two variables - ncert</a>

Go to page no. 38 

and see Sample Question 4 

Balkan region was a source of tension because of the following reasons:

(1) It was a region of geographical, ethnic variation comprising Romania, Bulgaria, etc:and its inhabitants were broadly known as Slavs.

(2) Large part of Balkans was under the Ottoman Empire and the disintegration of which created an explosive situation. One by one its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence.

(3) Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they were independent but subsequently subjugated.

(4) The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other & hoped to gain territory.

(5) Matters complicated because of intense rivalry among European powers over Trade & colonies as well as naval and military might. This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the first world war.

Moon

Such questions need to be attempted on your own to test your creative writing skills. However, these points might help you elaborate:

- Our school felt privileged to host the principals of two schools from Bhutan last month as part of a cultural exchange programme.
- In their honour, a special assembly was organised by the Cultural Club of the school.
- Many different items were presented by the students: folk songs and dances from different regions of India, skits based on life in the rural and urban areas of India and a mime on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
- The delegates were impressed to see such talented students and such remarkably good presentations.
- They felt excited when the teachers of the school sang a song in Dzongkha, the official language of Bhutan!
- They expressed their admiration for the programme and their gratitude for the warm welcome they had received.
- The Cultural programme ended with an exchange of mementos between the principal of our school and the delegates.

10. CD and GH are respectively the bisectors of ∠ACB and ∠EGF such that D and H lie on sides AB and FE of ΔABC and ΔEFG respectively. If ΔABC ~ ΔFEG, Show that:

(i) CD/GH = AC/FG
(ii) ΔDCB ~ ΔHGE
(iii) ΔDCA ~ ΔHGF

Solution:

Given, CD and GH are respectively the bisectors of ∠ACB and ∠EGF such that D and H lie on sides AB and FE of ΔABC and ΔEFG respectively.

(i) From the given condition,

ΔABC ~ ΔFEG.

∴ ∠A = ∠F, ∠B = ∠E, and ∠ACB = ∠FGE

Since, ∠ACB = ∠FGE

∴ ∠ACD = ∠FGH (Angle bisector)

And, ∠DCB = ∠HGE (Angle bisector)

In ΔACD and ΔFGH,

∠A = ∠F

∠ACD = ∠FGH

∴ ΔACD ~ ΔFGH (AA similarity criterion)

⇒CD/GH = AC/FG

(ii) In ΔDCB and ΔHGE,

∠DCB = ∠HGE (Already proved)

∠B = ∠E (Already proved)

∴ ΔDCB ~ ΔHGE (AA similarity criterion)

(iii) In ΔDCA and ΔHGF,

∠ACD = ∠FGH (Already proved)

∠A = ∠F (Already proved)

∴ ΔDCA ~ ΔHGF (AA similarity criterion)

Software that combines several applications in one program, typically providing at least word processing, spreadsheet and database management. Presentation graphics, page layout, paint, calendar, address book, e-mail and other applications may also be included. All programs in an integrated package are accessed via a common launching pad. Microsoft Works and AppleWorks are two primary examples of integrated software packages.

a n s w e r:
C u stom software ( also known as bespoke software or tailor-made software ) is software that is specially developed for some specific organization or other user.

83 * Percentage/ 100

= (56 * 83) / 100

46.48

 Application software is a set of program that performs specific task for the user. Application software is classified into two types: General-purpose application software and Specific-purpose application software. General-purpose software is not written for any specific business or organisation but can be used to suit their specific needs. Specific-purpose software is developed by keeping in mind the requirements of an organisation or an individual

Utility software helps to manage, maintain and control computer resources. Examples of utility programs are antivirus software, backup software and disk tools. A device driver is a computer program that controls a particular device that is connected to your computer.