ओम का नियम -

 

V = IR

ओम के नियम का मूल अर्थ यही है इसी से आप नियम की परिभाषा बना सकते हैं

यहां 

V = विभान्तर (Voltage), Volts में
I = धारा, करंट एम्पियर में
R = प्रतिरोध ओह्म में (Resistance)

परिभाषा - "समान ताप व स्थिति में किसी बन्द डीसी परिपथ में प्रतिरोध के सिरों पर लगने वाला वोल्टेज उस प्रतिरोध में प्रवाहित होने वाली धारा के मान के समानुपाती होता है ।"

अर्थात् 

V∝ I

सरल भाषा -
किसी बंद डीसी परिपथ में वोल्टेज का मान उस परिपथ में प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा और प्रतिरोध के मान के गुणनफल के बराबर होता है ।

यहां बंद डीसी परिपथ (Close DC Circuit) यानी की ऐसा डीसी सर्किट जिसमें स्विच ऑन हो और परिपथ चालू हो ।

इसमें 
वोल्टेज (V) = धारा (I) × प्रतिरोध (R)

इसी फार्मूले का उपयोग करके आप वोल्टेज, धारा और प्रतिरोध के मान निकाल सकते हैं ।

जैसे 
V = IR
R = V/I
I = V/R

Diagram of a badminton court 

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The  purpose of communication

Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone. For example, communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.

Influence: You may require to influence or change someone in an indirect but usually important way. For example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price or helping a friend to overcome stress due to exam or any other reason.

Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.

Power of positivity.


Positive thinking is one of the vital quality that each and everyone should have especially students .Positive thinking is one of the charging aspect of gaining confidence .If we get bad results in any subject we need not feel bad if we have the quality of positive thinking it tells us that there is a second chance .

Positive thinking reduces stress when we deal too much with stress .Due to stress we suffer from many health diseases which may lead to serious trouble​ .Mostly during exams we deal too much with stress .So we need to develop this positive attitude .

Sports and yoga are the two aspects that helps us to maintain positive thinking physically and mentally.We can even take part in other activities which improves positive thinking .
The power of positive thinking can improve one's life .It ensures happiness .
 

1. I have already spent the few rupees I had.

2. How much ink is there in the bottle?

3. Raju can write with either hand.

4. How much experience have you got?

5. I have brought little apple juice from the market.

6. Dont you have any friend in other section?

7. Being completely deaf he cant hear anything.

8. Its a public holiday so nothing is open.

9. How many pages are there in this book?

10. An apple a day keeps doctor away.

Q u e s t i o n:
पंजाब में भूमि निम्नीकरण का मुख्य कारण क्या है?
A n s w e r:
अधिक सिंचाई पंजाब में भूमि निम्नीकरण का मुख्य कारण  है

• Title: Junk food- a slow poison
• People today hardly have the time to sit and eat a proper meal, as a result they often grab a packaged snack to control their untimely hunger pangs
• Children enjoy eating junk food items more than the traditional food items which are healthy as well as hygienic
• The advertisements showcasing these junk food items in such tempting manner make the situations worse
• Junk food is not good for our physical as well as mental health, it doesn't only play havoc with our digestive system but it affects our immunity and emotional well being as well
• Obesity, heart diseases, lethargy are a few of the many problems caused due to the consumption of junk food
• It is a matter of grave concern and we must encourage our children to eat more of home cooked food than eating fast food items

Thursday

April 12, 2018

10:00 p.m.

Dear Diary:

I am very excited today. Our class teacher announced that the class will have picnic on Saturday. We will go to Wonderland, the famous amusement park in Jalandhar. It will be real fun visiting the park with class fellows. The ride from school to the park will be fully electric. The students will sing songs and dance in the moving bus. We shall enjoy the rides. The park will echo with our excited cries. A delicious lunch will be provided to the students by the park banquet hall. I am really looking forward to the picnic.

जलोढ़ मिट्टी उत्तर भारत के पश्चिम में पंजाब से लेकर सम्पूर्ण उत्तरी विशाल मैदान को आवृत करते हुए गंगा नदी के डेल्टा क्षेत्र तक फैली है। अत्यधिक उर्वरता वाली इस मिट्टी का विस्तार सामान्यतः देश की नदियों के वेसिनों एवं मैदानी भागों तक ही सीमित है। हल्के भूरे रंगवाली यह मिट्टी 7.68 लाख वर्ग किमी को आवृत किये हुए है। इसकी भौतिक विशेषताओं का निर्धारण जलवायविक दशाओं विशेषकर वर्षा तथा वनस्पतियों की वृद्धि द्वारा किया जाता है। इस मिट्टी में उत्तरी भारत में सिंचाई के माध्यम से गन्ना, गेहूँ, चावल, जूट, तम्बाकू, तिलहन फसलों तथा सब्जियों की खेती की जाती है। उत्पत्ति, संरचना तथा उर्वरता की मात्रा के आधार पर इसको तीन प्रकारों में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है, जो निम्नलिखित है -

पुरातन जलोढ़ या बांगर मिट्टी

नदियों द्वारा बहाकर उनके पाश्र्ववर्ती भागों में अत्यधिक ऊंचाई तक बिछायी गयी पुरानी जलोढ़ मिट्टी को बांगर के नाम से जाना जाता है। नदियों में आने वाली बाढ़ का पानी ऊंचाई के कारण इन पर नहीं पहुंच पाता है। नदी जल की प्राप्ति न होने, धरातलीय ऊंचाई तथा जल-तल के नीचा होने के कारण उत्तर प्रदेश, पंजाब, हरियाणा, राजस्थान एवं बिहार की काफ़ी मिट्टी ऊसर हो गयी है। ऐसी मिट्टी रेह या कल्लर कहलाती है।

The Skeletal system

The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones and includes all of the bones and joints in the body. The skeleton is a framework of bones that provides protection, gives the body proper shape, and helps in the movement. The human skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, includes the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

A. 

Nutrients are substances that are needed by our body for proper growth and healthy body function. There are six main components present in food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and roughage or dietary fibres. These nutrients fulfill different needs of the body.

B.

A diet that contains adequate amount of different nutrients required for the healthy functioning of our body is called a balanced diet.
A balanced diet must include food items from the following four food groups.

• Milk group: includes milk and milk products
• Meat group: includes meat (chicken, fish, lamb, etc.) and meat substitutes (beans, peas, nuts, and seeds)
• Fruit and vegetable group: includes fruits and vegetables
• Grain group: includes breads and cereals.

• Erosion turns sea arches into wall-like structures known as stacks.
• Seawaves continuously strike at the rocks and develops cracks in them forming hollow like caves known as sea caves and when these cavaties become larger with only roof remaining, they are then known as sea arches.

There are eight planets in the Solar System. From closest to farthest from the Sun, they are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The first four planets are called terrestrial planets. They are mostly made of rock and metal, and they are mostly solid.

i. Low Economic Development 

Throughout the British rule, Indian economy experienced very low level of economic development. As per some researches, Indian economy grew at even less than two percent during 1900-50. The reason for such a low level of development was that the British government was more concerned with the promotion of economic interests of their home country. Consequently, the colonial rule transformed India’s agriculture sector to a mere supplier of raw materials for the British industries. This not only affected the production of the agricultural sector but also ruined the small manufacturing units like handicrafts and cotton industries. These manufacturing units faced a stiff competition from the British machine made textiles and handlooms.

ii. Backwardness of Indian Agriculture

Under the colonial rule, India was basically an agrarian economy employing nearly 85% of its population. Nevertheless, the growth of the agriculture sector was meager. This was due to the prevalence of various systems of Land Settlement, particularly Zamindari system. Under this system, the zamindars (owners of land) were required to pay very high revenue (lagaan) to the British government, which they used to collect from the peasants (landless labourers, who were actually cultivating). The zamindars were mainly concerned with extracting high revenues from the peasants but never took any steps to improve the productivity of the land. Moreover, in order to feed British industries with cheap raw materials, the Indian peasants were forced to grow cash crops (such as, indigo, cotton, etc.) instead of food crops (such as, rice and wheat). This commercialisation of agriculture not only increased the burden of high revenues on the poor peasants but also led India to face shortage of food grains. Therefore, Indian agriculture remained backward and primitive.

Difference between what?

somerism in Coordination Compounds

Isomerism is the phenomenon in which compounds have same molecular formula but different structures and these different structures are called as isomers. Isomers are those that have different physical and chemical properties.

There are two types of isomers:

• Structural isomerism
• Stereoisomerism

Structural isomerism: Different types are as follows:-

• ionization isomerism
• Hydrate isomerism
• Coordination isomerism
• Linkage isomerism

Stereoisomerism: Different types are as follows:-

• geometrical isomerism
• Optical isomerism

Structural isomerism:The compounds have same molecular phenomenon but different structures

• Ionization isomerism: they differ in productions of ions in aqueous solution

                For example:à [CoBr(NH₃)₅]SO₄  and   [Co (NH₃)₅SO₄  ]Br are ionization isomers        when dissolved in water

            [CoBr(NH₃)₅]SO₄  à[CoBr(NH₃)₅]²⁺ + SO₄^2-

            [Co (NH₃)₅SO₄  ]Bràà[CoSO₄ (NH₃)₅]²⁺ + Br^-

• Hydrate or solvate isomerism: in this they differ in number of molecules of water of crystallization

For example: [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃ and [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]Cl₂H₂Oare hydrate isomers

When dissolved in water

[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃à[Cr(H₂O)₆] + 3Cl^- (no water molecule )

[Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]Cl₂H₂Oà[Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]+2Cl+H₂O(will give one water molecule )

• Coordination isomerism: they differ in coordination entities

For example:[Co(NH₃)₆]  [Cr(CN)₆] and :[Co(CN)₆]  [Cr(NH₃)₆] are coordination isomers

• Linkage isomerism: it is in case of ambidentate ligands and in this they differ in the point of attachment.

For example, in case of CN(cyano) and in case of NC (isocyano)

• Stereoisomerism: in these compounds have same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangements of ligands.

It is of two types:

• Geometrical isomerism
• Optical isomerism

Geometrical isomerism: it is due to difference in the geometrical arrangements of ligands around central metal atom.

it is of further two types :

• Cis
• Trans

Cis : when the similar ligands are on adjacent position

Trans : when the similar ligands are on opposite positions

Cis and trans isomers are shown below (this is shown by compounds with coordination number 4 and 6

Example: [Pt (NH₃)₄Cl₂]

Lusture property
 Lustre: Metals in the pure state generally shine. The shine on the metallic surface is called the metallic lustre.

Deep Explanation:

Metals are lustrous because of the free electrons present in them. The free electrons can move freely in the metal causing any light incident on them to get reflected back. This reflection is specular reflection rather than diffused and thus the metal surface appears shiny or lustrous.

The climate of any particular place is influenced by a host of interacting factors. These include latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. The global climate system and any changes that occur within it also influence local climate.