The four characteristics of the Ganga Brahmaputra delta are (i) The Ganga Brahmaputra delta, also named Ganga delta, Sunderban delta or Bengal delta is situated in Bangladesh and Paschim Banga state of India, where the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers discharge into the Bay of Bengal. The total catchment area of the rivers is 1.72 million sq km. (ii) It is the world s largest delta, with a surface area of 1 lakh sq km. (iii) It is among the most fertile regions in the world. With more than 130 million inhabitants, this belongs to the most densely populated areas in the world (1300 inhabitants/sq km). (iv) Downstream of the confluence, the river is named Padma. About halfway to the ocean the Meghna joins the Padma.

The four characteristics of the Ganga Brahmaputra delta are (i) The Ganga Brahmaputra delta, also named Ganga delta, Sunderban delta or Bengal delta is situated in Bangladesh and Paschim Banga state of India, where the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers discharge into the Bay of Bengal. The total catchment area of the rivers is 1.72 million sq km. (ii) It is the world s largest delta, with a surface area of 1 lakh sq km. (iii) It is among the most fertile regions in the world. With more than 130 million inhabitants, this belongs to the most densely populated areas in the world (1300 inhabitants/sq km). (iv) Downstream of the confluence, the river is named Padma. About halfway to the ocean the Meghna joins the Padma.

• Following are the features of Great Himalayas

1. They are also called Himadri

2. It is the most continues range that contains loftiest peak with average height of 6,000 m.

3. Its has asymmetrical folds

4. The core consists of granite

5. It is snow bound with many glaciers descending from this range

The peninsular plateau is a vast table land made up of old crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. It is one of oldest landmasses of the world as it a part of the gondwana land and was formed when the indo-australian plates collided with the eurasian plates. This plateau consists of broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. The plateau is very useful as it contains minerals.

Divisions:
1. Central highlands : This part lies to the north of the narmada river and covers a major part of malwa plateau. On the south of Central highlands, it is bounded by vindhyan range and on the northwest, it is bounded by aravali hills. Further in the westward parts, it merges with the deserts of rajasthan. The slope is from south west to north east as the rivers flow in that direction. The central highlands is wider in the west and narrower in the east. The east ward extensions are known as bundelkhand and baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau is further in the east.

2. The Deccan Pateau: This plateau is in the southern part of river narmada. In the north, the Satpura range flanks its broad base while in the eastward part, there is mahadev, kaimur hill, and maikal range.
The deccan plateau is higher in west than east so rivers flow eastwards. Prominent hills are Garo, khasi and jaintia hills.
The western and eastern ghats mark the western and eastern edges of the deccan plateau. The western ghats are more high than eastern ghats. They are continuous and can only be crossed through passes only. It lies parallel to the western coast. Major peaks are doda betta and anai mudi. The eastern ghat run parallel to the eastern coast and are less high than western ghats. They are discontinuous because of the rivers draining in the bay of bengal. Mahendragiri is the highest peak of Eastern ghats.

The Indus–Ganga plains, also known as the "Great Plains", are large floodplains of the Indus and the Ganga–Brahmaputra river systems. They run parallel to the Himalaya mountains, from Jammu and Kashmir and Odisha in the west to Assam in the east and draining most of northern and eastern India.

• India is centrally located between the East and the West Asia.
• India is strategically located at the centre of the trans-Indian Ocean routes which connect the European countries in the west and the countries of East Asia.
• India could establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast. Moreover, it could establish close contact with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast.  

The Middle or Lesser Himalaya, sometimes also called Himachal or Lower Himalaya lies between the Shiwaliks in the South and Greater Himalayas in the North. It runs almost parallel to both the ranges.

The ganga flows into the Bay of Bengal.
The Ganges flows south and east from the Himalayas, forming a canyon as it leaves the mountain. It winds its way through northern India, eventually emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

A NS W E R
The northern most point of confinement of India is 37°6' N scope.

All the extraordinary purposes of India notwithstanding south are questioned, either politically or geologically.

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan empire.

Classes of Society

• Megasthenese mentioned that during this period, the society was comprising seven castes, namely −

  • Philosophers,

  • Farmers,

  • Soldiers,

  • Herdsmen,

  • Artisans,

  • Magistrates, and

  • Councilors

• Megasthenese, however, failed to comprehend the Indian society properly and confused among the terms <i>jati</i>, <i>Varna</i>, and the occupation.

• <i>Chaturvarna</i> system continued to govern the society.

• The urban way of life developed and the craftsmen enjoyed a high place in the society.

• Teaching continued to be the main job of the Brahmans.

• Buddhist monasteries were developed as important educational institutions. Taxila, Ujjayini, and Varanasi were famous educational centers.

• Technical education was generally provided through guilds, where pupils learnt the crafts from the early age.

• The joint family system was the norm in the domestic life.

• A married woman had her own property in the form of bride-gift (<i>stree-dhana</i>).

• The widows had given respect in the society. All <i>stree-dhana</i> (bride-gift and jewelry) belongs to her. Offences against women were severely dealt with.

• Kautilya also laid down penalties against officials, in charge of workshops and prisons who misbehaved with women.

• Megasthenese mentioned that slavery did not exist in India.

Economy

• Largely, the population was agriculturists and lived in villages. The state helped people to bring new areas under cultivation by cleaning the forest. But certain types of forests were protected by law.

• A number of crops like rice, coarse grains (<i>kodrava</i>), sesame, pepper, and saffron, pulses, wheat, linseed, mustard, vegetable and fruits of various kinds and sugarcane were grown.

• The state also owned agricultural farms, cattle farms, dairy farms, etc.

• Water reservoirs and dams were built by the state for irrigation. Steps were taken to distribute and measure this water for irrigation.

• The Mauryan enforced the rules and regulations in respect of agriculture, industry, commerce, animal husbandry, etc.

• Special measures were deduced for the promotion of the economy gave great impetus to economic development during this period.

• Megasthenese mentioned about the extraordinary skill of craftsmen.

• Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman mentions that Pushyagupta (Chandragupta's governors) was responsible for building a dam on <i>Sudarshana</i> Lake near Girnar in Kathiawad.

• Skandagupta’s inscription of the later period mentioned that the dam (on <i>Sudarshana</i> Lake) was repaired during his reign, almost 800 years after its construction.

• They had foreign trade with the western countries. The main items of trade were indigo, various medicinal substances, cotton, and silk. The foreign trade was carried on by the land as well as by the sea.

• Special arrangements were made for facilitation of the trade like security of trade-routes, provisions of warehouses, go-downs, and other means of transport.

• The trade was regulated by the state and the trader had to get a license to trade.

• The state also had the machinery to control and regulate the weights and measures.

• The land tax was one-fourth to one-sixth of the produce. The tax was also levied on all the manufactured goods.

• The toll tax was levied on all items, which were brought for sale in the market.

• Strabo mentions that craftsmen, herdsmen, traders, and farmers, all paid taxes. Those who could not pay the tax in cash or kind were to contribute their dues in the form of labor.

• Revenue was that main subject of Arthashashtra. It describes revenue at great length.

• Sources of revenue were increased from the income of mines, forests, pasture lands, trade, forts, etc.

• The income from the king's own land or estate was known as ‘<i>sita</i>.’

• Brahmans, children, and handicapped people were exempted from paying the taxes.

• Tax evasion was considered a very serious crime and offenders were severely punished.

• The artisans and craftsmen were given special protection by the state and offences against them were severely punished.

• The main industries during this period were textile, mining and metallurgy, ship-building, jewelry making, metal working, pot making, etc.

• The industries were organized in various guilds. <i>Jesthaka</i> was the chief of a guild.

• The guilds were powerful institutions. It gave craftsmen great support and protection.

• The guilds settled the disputes of their members. A few guilds issued their own coins.

• The Sanchi Stupa inscription mentions that one of the carved gateways was donated by the guilds of ivory workers.

• Similarly, the Nasik cave inscription mentions that two weaver's guilds gave permanent endowments for the maintenance of a temple.

• The guilds also made donations to educational institutions and learned Brahmans.

Bindusara was the father of one of the greatest kings in ancient India- King Ashoka. Bindusara ascended to the Mauryan throne after Chandragupta Maurya and ruled upto the year 273 BC. He was an ambitious king who defeated as many as 16 rulers and established Mauryan authority over large parts of South India.

To practice the dharma actively, Ashoka went out on periodic tours preaching the dharma to the rural people and relieving their sufferings. He ordered his high officials to do the same, in addition to attending to their normal duties; he exhorted administrative officers to be constantly aware of the joys and sorrows of the common folk and to be prompt and impartial in dispensing justice. A special class of high officers, designated “dharma ministers,” was appointed to foster dharma work by the public, relieve suffering wherever found, and look to the special needs of women, of people inhabiting outlying regions, of neighbouring peoples, and of various religious communities. It was ordered that matters concerning public welfare were to be reported to him at all times. The only glory he sought, he said, was for having led his people along the path of dharma. No doubts are left in the minds of readers of his inscriptions regarding his earnest zeal for serving his subjects. More success was attained in his work, he said, by reasoning with people than by issuing commands.

Among his works of public utility were the founding of hospitals for people and animals, the planting of roadside trees and groves, the digging of wells, and the construction of watering sheds and rest houses. Orders were also issued for curbing public laxities and preventing cruelty to animals. With the death of Ashoka, the Mauryan empire disintegrated and his work was discontinued. His memory survives for what he attempted to achieve and the high ideals he held before himself.

Most enduring were Ashoka’s services to Buddhism. He built a number of stupas (commemorative burial mounds) and monasteries and erected pillars on which he ordered inscribed his understanding of religious doctrines. He took strong measures to suppress schisms within the sangha (the Buddhist religious community) and prescribed a course of scriptural studies for adherents. The Sinhalese chronicle Mahavamsa says that when the order decided to send preaching missions abroad, Ashoka helped them enthusiastically and sent his own son and daughter as missionaries to Sri Lanka. It is as a result of Ashoka’s patronage that Buddhism, which until then was a small sect confined to particular localities, spread throughout India and subsequently beyond the frontiers of the country.

The Mauryan Empire had an efficient and centralised administrative system. ... Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. The main features of Mauryan administration were : There were five important political centres in the Mauryan Empire: Patliputra { the capital city } and the provincial centres of Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and suvranagiri Communications along the land and riverine routes were developed to administration the Empire.

JAGAT TARAN SCHOOL,ALLAHABAD

NOTICE

Career Counselling Session

5 June,2019

It's being informed to students of class X and XII that our school has decided to organise a career counselling session.

Date : 7 June,2019

Timming : since 10:00 AM

Venue: Auditorium

Interested students can give thier details to the undersigned.

Designation

Name

Answer
The name given to the element, by mendeleev, similar to scandium in properties was eka-boron.
In greek language eka=similar. Since  eka boron showed characteristics similar to scandium. 
Therefore mendeleev named scandium as eka-boron.

Bholi’s marriage was going to take place with Bishamber who himself was forty-five or fifty years old. He also limped and had two children from his first wife. Even then he demanded 5000 rupees as dowry. Bholi stopped the marriage by throwing away the garland in the fire. She threw away the veil and asked her father to take back the money and refused to marry Bishamber. She was indeed correct in doing so.

Answer: The lost child loses interest in the things he had wanted earlier because he got lost in the fair. He is panic-stricken for being lost. Now he frist wants his parents

Add -ly to the italicised word in each sentence. Rewrite the sentence using the new word. See the examples first.

Q.He runs between wickets as if his legs were Stiff.
ANS. He runs between wickets stiffly.

Why did the batsman swing the hat in such a violent manner?

Why did the batsman swing the bat so violently?

It is obvious that the work has not been done in a proper way.

It is obvious that the work has not been done PROPERLY.

He made the statement in a firm manner.

He made the statement FIRMLY.

The job can be completed within a week in an easy way.

The job can be completed within a week  EASILY.

You did not play in a serious manner or else you would have won the match.

You did not play SERIOUSLY or else you would have won the match.

She recited the poem in a cheerful manner.

She recited the poem CHEERFULLY.

Radius (r) = 14cm

θ = 90°

= OA = OB

Area of minor segment (ANB)

= (area of ANB sector)−(area of ΔAOB)

Area of major segment (other than shaded)

= area of circle – area of segment ANB

Answer: The lost child loses interest in the things he had wanted earlier because he got lost in the fair. He is panic-stricken for being lost. Now he frist wants his parents