Procedure for the Amendment of the Indian Constitution:

1. Amendment by simple majority: The Indian Parliament has the power to amend some of the provisions of the Constitution by its own initiative or by the initiatives of some of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. Amendment in the following cases can be made by simple majority in the Parliament:

(a) Matter related to Article 3 of the Constitution whereby a new State is formed or change in the name of boundary of the State is proposed. These matters can be carried out by simple majority of both the Houses of Parliament. But such a legislation will be put before the Parliament only on the desire of the President who will consult the related states on the amendment before putting such a legislation before the Parliament. The State Reorganisation Act of 1956 was carried out by means of this Article. Afterwards many new States were formed or the name boundaries of old States were changed.

(b) Matter related to Article 169 on the formation or abolition of the second chamber or the Legislative Council of states can be decided by simple majority by the Parliament after fulfilling certain formalities.

(c) Amendment on matters related to Article 240 on the good administration of the centrally administered territories can be made by simple majority.

2. Amendment by a special majority in the Parliament: The process of amending the Constitution is given in Article 368. The article or subjects which are not given in this Article, can be amended by the Parliament alone with a special majority. The Bill for such an amendment may be introduced in any of the two Houses. If both the Houses pass it with absolute majority or 2/3 majority of the members present and voting, it will be sent to the President. The Constitution will stand amended on that point, when the Bill is signed by the President. All the subjects which are not mentioned in the first list of the amendment and as well as the third list of the amendment can be amended through this procedure.

3. Amendment by a special majority in Parliament alongwith the consent of the States: If an amendment is concerned with the article and the subjects given in Article 368, it must be approved by one-fourths of the State Assemblies after being passed by both the Houses with absolute majority or 2/3 majority of the members present and voting. The amendment will come into force after being signed by the President. The subjects given in Article 368 are as follows:

(a) Election of the President,

(b) Removal of the President,

(c) Extent of the executive power of the Union,

(d) Extent of executive power of the States,

(e) High Court for Union Territories,

(f) Union Judiciary,

(g) The High Courts in the states,

(h) Legislative relations between the Centre and States,

(i) Lists of the VII Schedule,

(j)The representation of States in Parliament, and

(k) Article 368 itself.

In India, like most other democracies in the world, some rights are mentioned in the Constitution. These rights are fundamental to our life and are given a special status. They are called Fundamental Rights. It talks about securing for all its citizens equality, liberty and justice. Fundamental Rights are an important basic feature of the Indian Constitution. These are preserved in the Part III of the Constitution. Importance' of Fundamental Rights: 
(i) Fundamental Rights create a feeling of security amongst the minorities in the country. 
(ii) No democracy can function in the absence of basic rights such as freedom of speech and expression. 
(iii) Fundamental Rights grant the standards of conduct, citizenship, justice and fair play. They act as a check on the government.
 

Sol:
Without plants we cannot live on earth. Plants are autotrophs on earth which can synthesise food from the raw materials like water, carbon dioxide and sunlight.

Plants provide us
   *food
   *wood for furniture
   *shelter for many living things
   *medicines
   *rubber
   * Resins and gums

Plants influence the environment and cause rainfall.

Plants hold the soil and prevent soil erosion.

Plants release oxygen into environment which is required for us to breathe in.

Plants absorb harmful carbon dioxide from atmosphere.

Plants regulate climate by reducing temperature on earth.

पौधों के बिना हम पृथ्वी पर नहीं रह सकते। पौधे पृथ्वी पर ऑटोट्रॉफ़ हैं जो पानी, कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड और सूर्य के प्रकाश जैसे कच्चे माल से भोजन को संश्लेषित कर सकते हैं।

पौधे हमें प्रदान करते हैं
    *खाना
    * फर्नीचर के लिए लकड़ी
    * कई जीवित चीजों के लिए आश्रय
    *दवाइयाँ
    * रबर
    * रेजिन और मसूड़ों

पौधे पर्यावरण को प्रभावित करते हैं और वर्षा का कारण बनते हैं।

पौधे मिट्टी को पकड़ते हैं और मिट्टी के कटाव को रोकते हैं।

पौधे वातावरण में ऑक्सीजन छोड़ते हैं जो हमें सांस लेने के लिए आवश्यक है।

पौधे वायुमंडल से हानिकारक कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड को अवशोषित करते हैं।

पौधे पृथ्वी पर तापमान कम करके जलवायु को नियंत्रित करते हैं।

The term bureaucracy may refer both to a body of non-elected governing officials and to an administrative policy-making group. Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution, whether publicly owned or privately owned. The public administration in many jurisdictions and sub-jurisdictions exemplifies bureaucracy, but so does the centralized hierarchical structure of a business firm.

Bureaucracy in a political theory is mainly[quantify] a centralized form of management and tends to be differentiated from adhocracy, in which management tends more to decentralization.

Various commentators have noted the necessity of bureaucracies in modern society. The German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) argued that bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized and that systematic processes and organized hierarchies are necessary to maintain order, to maximize efficiency, and to eliminate favoritism. On the other hand, Weber also saw unfettered bureaucracy as a threat to individual freedom, with the potential of trapping individuals in an impersonal "iron cage" of rule-based, rational control.

A fraction is a word that is originated from Latin. In Latin, “Fractus” means “broken”. In real life, when we cut a piece of cake from the whole of it, say 1/4th of it, then the portion is the fraction of the cake.

Fractions are defined as the parts of a whole. The whole can be a number or any specific value or a thing. In other words, it is also termed as a portion or section of any quantity. It is denoted by using ‘/’ symbol, such as a/b. For example, in 2/4 is a fraction where the upper part denotes the numerator and lower part is the denominator.

Ideal College Hostel,
Dhaka -1100
01. Januar 2008

Mein lieber Vater / Mutter,
Ich habe heute Morgen Ihren freundlichen Brief erhalten. Vielen Dank dafür. Hoffe es geht dir sehr gut. Mir geht es auch sehr gut. Du wolltest etwas über mein Hostelleben wissen. Jetzt erzähle ich Ihnen in einigen Zeilen von meinem Hostelleben.
Ich wohne in unserem College-Hostel. Ich genieße fast alle Einrichtungen in unserem modernen College-Hostel. Es ist nach Süden ausgerichtet. Es ist gut luftig und gut beleuchtet. Das Design der Herberge ist sehr spektakulär. Ich muss mich an einige strenge Regeln halten, die mir helfen, ein diszipliniertes und geplantes Leben zu führen. Wir müssen im Morgengrauen aufstehen. Wir nehmen rechtzeitig Frühstück, Mittag- und Abendessen ein. Wir essen hier Reis, Fisch, Eier, Fleisch, Dal, Gemüse, Khichuri, Obst usw. Wir schwimmen in unserem College Hostel Teich. Wir spielen jeden Nachmittag auf unserem College-Spielplatz. Für jeden Schüler gibt es einen separaten Lesesaal. Unser Hostel Superintendent ist sehr nett. Er liebt uns als seine eigenen Kinder. Wir halten immer die Disziplin und die Regeln des Hostels ein und versuchen, es ordentlich und sauber zu halten. Wir sind wirklich stolz auf unser College-Hostel. Mach dir keine Sorgen um mich. Mir geht es ganz gut. Mit meinen besten Grüßen an Sie und Mutter / Vater.
dein liebender ,
Mayankd fragt nach der Antwort.

Ideal College Hostel,
Dhaka -1100
January 01, 2008

My dear Father / mother,
I received your kind letter this morning. Thanks a lot for this. Hope you are very well. I am also very fine. you have wanted to know about my hostel life. Now I am telling you in a few lines about my hostel life.
I reside our college hostel. I enjoy almost all facilities in our modern college hostel. It faces to the south. It is well-airy and well lighted. The design of the hostel is very spectacular. I have to abide by some strict rules which help me to lead a disciplined and planned life. We have to get up at dawn. We take breakfast, lunch and supper in time. We eat rice, fish, eggs, meat, dal, vegetables, khichuri, fruits etc. here. We swim in our college hostel pond. We play in our college playground every afternoon. There is a separate reading room for each student. Our hostel superintendent is very nice. He loves us as his own children. We always maintain the discipline and the rules of the hostel and try to keep it neat and clean. Really, we are proud of our college hostel. Don’t worry for me. i am quite well. With my best regards to you and mother/ father.
your loving ,
Mayank

Given,

∆ABC in which ∠B = 90° and BD ⊥ AC

Also, AD = 4 cm and CD = 5 cm

In ∆ADB and ∆CDB,

∠ADB = ∠CDB [each equal 90°]

∠BAD = ∠DBC [each equal to 90°-∠C]

∴ ∆DBA ∼ ∆DCB [by AAA similarity criteria]

Then,

In right angled ∆BDC,

BC² = BD² + CD² [by Pythagoras theorem]

= BC² = (2√5)² + (5)²

= BC² = 20 + 25 = 45

= BC = √45 = 3√5

Again,

Hence, BD = 2√5cm and AB = 6cm.

You have to read the chapters and poem in full from ncert textbook. But in english variety of questions can be made. You have to practice a lot in english to passage based question too. understand the chapters line by line from textbook . Only summary of chapters and poem in not sufficient.

आपको ncert पाठ्यपुस्तक से पूर्ण अध्याय और कविता को पढ़ना है। लेकिन अंग्रेजी में विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्न किए जा सकते हैं। आपको आधारित प्रश्न भी पास करने के लिए अंग्रेजी में बहुत अभ्यास करना होगा। पाठ्यपुस्तक से पंक्ति द्वारा अध्याय को समझें। केवल अध्याय और कविता का सारांश पर्याप्त नहीं है।

The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

आप जो सवाल पूछ रहे हैं वह अस्पष्ट या अधूरा है।
आप अध्याय नाम या पुस्तक नाम जैसे अधिक विवरण जोड़ सकते हैं।
विशिष्ट प्रश्न पूछें जो स्पष्ट और संक्षिप्त हों।
उत्तर के लिए ठीक से पूछे गए प्रश्न पूछें।

The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

Ans. The entire staff was roused, maids rushed in and out bringing his day bed, night bed, cushion, toys. Everybody was in tears. Mrs. Pumphrey gave a desperate cry, when Tricki was sent to surgery.

Generally, up to a total of three electrons can be transferred in this way forming Monovalent, Divalent and Trivalent ions. Positively charged ions are known as Cations and negatively charged ions are known as Anions. Therefore, Al₃⁺ is a trivalent cation and S₂^- is a divalent ion.

The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

Zoom control is a slider that lies next to view buttons at the right end of the status bar. It helps zoom in and zoom out the document. Move the slider to right or click on the plus sign to zoom in and move it to left or click on the minus sign to zoom out.

1)The Great Economic Depression (1929-1932) hit the German economy very badly. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of the 1929 level. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages.

2) The number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 6 million.

3) Unemployed youths played cards or simply sat at street corners, or desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. In dearth of jobs, the youth took to criminal activities.

4) There were deep anxieties and fears in people. The middle classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost its value. Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got ruined. These sections of society were filled with the fear of being reduced to the ranks of the working class or worse still, the unemployed.

5)  The large mass of peasantry was badly affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices and women, unable to fill their children's stomachs, were filled with a sense of deep despair.

Answer: Evelyn could sense music through her body. While playing on the xylophone, she could sense music through her fingertips and would learn against drums to sense. On the wooden floors, she used to remove her shoes and sense music through her feet moving of the legs.

Properties:

• Salts are mostly solids which melt as well as boil at high temperatures.
• Salts are generally soluble in water. For example, sodium chloride, potassium sulphate, aluminium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, etc., are soluble salts while silver chloride, lead chloride, copper carbonate, etc., are insoluble in water.
• It is a white crystalline solid. It exists as decahydrate of sodium carbonate.
• When exposed to dry air and heating it loses water molecules to change into anhydrous form.
• Na₂CO₃.10H₂O + Exposure to open dry air → Na₂CO₃.H₂O + 9H₂O 
• Na₂CO₃.H₂O + Heating → Na₂CO₃
• It is soluble in water and during dilution heat will releases out.
• On reaction with acids sodium carbonate releases carbon dioxide along with the formation of sodium salts and water.  Na₂CO₃ + HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
• Sodium carbonate is used to manufacture of glass, cleansing agents, soap, glass and paper.
   

Newton's universal law of gravitation states that when two body are separated by a distance r, then both attract each other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses (m1  and m2) and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them (r). This force is termed as gravitational force.
Mathematically, gravitation force is given by  F= Force = m*a = G(M1*M2)/r^2.
 
where G is gravitational constant.

 (i) Plot B refers to chemical fertilisers which give short-term benefits because they are nutrient specific. The continuous use of fertilisers in an area destroy soil fertility so there is gradual decrease in yield after sometime.

(ii) Manures help in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter and increase the soil fertility. They also improve the soil structure. The plot A demonstrates the trend that the addition of manures into the soil have long term benefits in terms of high yield.

(iii) Manures are natural ways of enriching the soil whereas fertilisers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They do not have organic matter like in manure to replenish the soil with useful microbes. Therefore, in plot A manures give high yield while plot B gives high yield for a short time and then it decreases.

1. The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
2. You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
3. Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
4. Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

Crop which has been developed by introducing a new gene from any other source, to obtain the desired character, is called as genetically modified (GM) crop. Bt Cotton is an example of GM crop which is made insect resistant by introducing a gene from a bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis. It produces a toxin that kills the boll worms that feed on cotton plant.

• The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
• You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
• Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
• Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

The weight of an object is less at the equator than at the poles because of the distance of the objects from the centre of the Earth.

• We know that the Earth does not has a perfect spherical shape, it is bulged out at the equators.
• Thus the distance of the objects that are placed at the equator would be more from the centres as compared to the ones that are kept at the poles.
• We know that gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance therefore, the gravitational force (weight) of the object is less at the equators than the poles.