Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Class 12 Notes Physics

CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Physics notes on chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Class 12 Notes

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Revision Notes Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electrostatic Potential at a Point: It is the work done by per unit charge by an external agency, in bringing a charge from infinity to that point.

• Electrostatic Potential due to a Charge at a Point
  
• The electrostatic potential at a point with position vector r due to a point dipole of dipole moment p place at the origin
  
  The result is true also for a dipole (with charges –q and q separated by 2a) for r >> a.
• For a charge configuration q₁, q₂, …… q_n with position vectors r₁, r₂, ….r_n, the potential at a point P is given by the superposition principle, where r_1p is the distance between q₁ and P, as and so on.
• Electrostatics Potential Energy Stored in a System of Charges: It is the work done (by an external agency) in assembling the charges at their locations.
• Electrostatic Potential Energy of Two Charges q₁, q₂, at r₁, r₂:
•  where r₁₂ is distance between q₁ and q₂
• Potential Energy of a Charge q in an External Potential: V(r)=qV(r)
• Potential Energy of a Dipole of Dipole Moment p in a Uniform Electric Field: E = –p.E.
• Equipotential Surface: An equipotential surface is a surface over which potential has a constant value.

1. For a point charge, concentric spheres centered at a location of the charge are equipotential surfaces.
2. The electric field E at a point is perpendicular to the equipotential surface through the point.
3. E is in the direction of the steepest decrease of potential.

• Capacitance C of a System of Two Conductors Separated by an Insulator: It is defined as,  where Q and – Q are the charges on the two conductors V is the potential difference between them.
• Capacitance is determined purely geometrically, by the shapes, sizes, and relative positions of the two conductors.
• Capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor (with the vacuum between the plates):  where A is the area of each plate and d the separation between them.
• For capacitors in the series combination: The total capacitance C is
• For capacitors in the parallel combination: The total capacitance C is  where  are individual capacitances.
• The energy U stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, with charge Q and voltage V:
• The electric energy density (energy per unit volume) in a region with electric field:
• The potential difference between the conductor (radius ro) inside & outside spherical shell (radius R):  which is always positive.
• When the medium between the plates of a capacitor filled with an insulating substance: Changes observed are as follows: Polarization of the medium gives rise to a field in the opposite direction.

1. The net electric field inside the insulating medium is reduced.
2. Potential difference between the plates is thus reduced.
3. Capacitance C increases from its value when there is no medium (vacuum). where K is the dielectric constant of the insulating substance.

• Electrostatic Shielding: A conductor has a cavity with no charge inside the cavity, then no matter what happens outside the conductor. Even if there are intense electric fields outside the conductor, the cavity inside has, shielding whatever is inside the cavity from whatever is outside the cavity. This is called electrostatic shielding.

CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance class 12 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

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