Warm colours are derived from the sun and fire, such as red, yellow and orange. Such colours influence the personality of a person by making him/her more open arid responsive to stimuli. Such colours also tend to make the personality more aggressive.

Cool colours are derived from water, such as green, blue and purple. Such colours influence the personality of a person by making the him/her more calm and relaxed. They also create a feeling of being less distracted by noise as well as feeling detached and reserved.

The book about monarch butter’s fly migration to central America opened the new world of science to the eager young mind. The book asked reader’s helps to study butterfly migrations. Ebright started to tag the butterflies. Thus the book was a turning point in his life because it helped him to study butterflies.

B. Drafting a Constitution for France which limited the kings power

On 20 June 1789, the members of the Third Estate, who call themselves the National Assembly, assembled in Versailles hall's indoor tennis court and took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require until the constitution of the kingdom is established". It was a very important event in the French Revolution.

 (a) A device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person was beheaded 

The guillotine was a device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person was beheaded. It was named after Dr. Guillotin who invented it. All those whom Robespierre saw as enemies of the French Republic and who did not agree with his methods were all arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If the court found them guilty, they were guillotined.

Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses. During prophase I, the homologous chromosomes condense and become visible as the x shape we know, pair up to form a tetrad, and exchange genetic material by crossing over. During prometaphase I, microtubules attach at the chromosomes' kinetochores and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Nowadays, our society is facing various challenges which require long-term effective, integrated, positive and green Thinking and Acting. The essential question which emerges is about sustainability.

Sustainable Development concept appeared in 1980’s to connect conservation and development objectives. Since that time, it has evoked lots of discussions.

The most widely used definition of Sustainable Development is the definition of the Brundtland report, which says:

“Sustainable Development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

The aim of SD is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs.

a N S W E R: iT WAS A SHIP
A Russian battleship brought into Petrograd to defend the provisional government. Aurora protected the Winter Palace during the October Revolution in 1917 in Russia.

Lenin used the slogan "All power to the soviets!" to oppose the Provisional Government led by Kerensky. Based on the Bolshevik view of the state, the word soviet extended its meaning to any overarching body that obtained the authority of a group of soviets.

Metaphase is a stage of the cell cycle occurring in both mitosis and meiosis cell division processes. During metaphase in mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes condense and they become visible and distinguishable during alignment at the center of the dividing cell, to form a metaphase plate at the center of the cell. In metaphase, chromosomes are lined up and each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber. In anaphase, sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled toward opposite poles. In telophase, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, and nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes.

अंतस्थ व्यंजन – मध्य/बीच = स्थित। इन व्यंजनों का उच्चारण स्वर तथा व्यंजन के मध्य का – सा होता है। उच्चारण के समय जिवा मुख के किसी भाग को स्पर्श नहीं करती। ये चार है- य, र, ल, व।

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought to mediate synapsis and recombination during meiosis I in eukaryotes. Prophase 1 of Meiosis is the first stage of meiosis and is defined by five different phases; Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis.

Prophase immediately follows S and G2 phase of the cycle and is marked by condensation of the genetic material to form compact mitotic chromosomes composed of two chromatids attached at the centromere.

The completion of prophase is characterised by the initiation of the assembly of the mitotic spindle, the microtubules, and the proteinaceous components of cytoplasm that help in the process.

The nuclear envelope starts disintegrating.

 What was the set of ideas that Lenin expressed in the newspaper Pravda following his return to Russia?

1. The April Theses
2.  The Communist Manifesto
3.  The Federalist Papers
4.  Das Kapital

Answer: The April Theses

meiosis 1 Prophase 1

(1) Leptotene – The chromosomes begin to condense and attain a compact structure during leptotene.

(2) Zygotene – In zygotene, the pairing of homologous chromosomes starts a process known as chromosomal synapsis, accompanied by the formation of a complex structure called synaptonemal complex. A pair of synapsed homologous chromosome forms a complex known as bivalent or tetrad.

(3) Pachytene – At pachytene stage, crossing over of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occurs at the recombination nodules. The chromosomes remain linked at the sites of crossing over.

(4) Diplotene – Diplotene marks the dissolution of the synaptonemal complex and separation of the homologous chromosomes of the bivalents except at the sites of cross-over. The X-shaped structures formed during separation are known as chiasmata.

(5) Diakinesis – Diakinesis is marked by the termination of chiasmata and assembly of the meiotic spindle to separate the homologous chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Gregorian calendar

In February 1918 Soviet Russia adopted the Gregorian calendar which was already being used across Western Europe. This replaced the Julian calendar, which was 13 days behind.

Zygotene

The zygotene stage, otherwise called zygonema, from Greek words signifying "matched threads", happens as the chromosomes approximately line up with one another into homologous chromosome pairs. In some organisms, this is known as the bouquet stage as a result of the manner in which the telomeres bouquet toward one side of the core. At this stage, the synapsis of homologous chromosomes happens, encouraged by gathering of the central component of the synaptonemal complex. Pairing is achieved in a zipper-like style and may begin at the centromere (pro-centric), at the chromosome ends (terminal), or at some other portion. Individuals of a pair are equivalent long and in the position of the centromere. Therefore, pairing is very specific and definite. The paired chromosomes are known as bivalent or quadruplicate chromosomes.

Pachytene

The pachytene stage, otherwise called pachynema, from Greek words signifying "thick threads". At this point, a quadruplicate of the chromosomes has framed known as a bivalent. This is the phase when homologous recombination, including chromosomal hybrid (traverse), happens. At this stage, the Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions of homology. 

Anaphase I

Kinetochore microtubules become short, pulling homologous chromosomes (which comprise of a couple of sister chromatids) to opposite poles. Nonkinetochore microtubules extend, pushing the centrosomes separated apart. The cell stretches for division down the center. Unlike in mitosis, just the cohesin from the chromosome arms is degraded while the cohesin encompassing the centromere stays secured. This enables the sister chromatids to stay together while homologs are segregated.