Social sciences are a group of academic disciplines dedicated to examining society. This branch of science studies how people interact with each other, behave, develop as a culture, and influence the world.

The social sciences include:

• Anthropology
• Economics
• Political science
• Sociology
• Social psychology

(i) To protect the ship when rough weather began, the captain took the following steps

a) To slow the boat down, the captain dropped the storm jib and lashed a heavy mooring rope in a loop across the stern.

(b) He then double lashed everything, and went through the life raft drill.

(c) The captain then attached lifelines, donned oilskins and life jackets.

(ii)To check the flooding of the water in the ship, the following steps were taken

(a) The captain stretched canvas and secured waterproof hatch covers across the gaping holes. With this step taken, the water still seeped, but most of it was now being deflected over the side.

(b) When the hand pumps started to block up, the author found another electric pump under the chartroom floor and connected it to an out pipe.  

A n s w e r:

A mosquito repellent is a chemical substance, such as a spray or lotion, applied to the body to prevent mosquitoes biting.
Example: Hit, Mortin, Baygon

Carbs means Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy. Carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose (a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells).

1. Advertisement:

It is a method of recruitment frequently used for skilled workers, clerical and higher staff. Advertisement can be given in newspapers and professional journals. These advertisements attract applicants in large number of highly variable quality.

Preparing good advertisement is a specialised task. If a company wants to conceal its name, a ‘blind advertisement’ may be given asking the applicants to apply to Post Bag or Box Number or to some advertising agency.

b)  The important steps in the process of selection are as follows
(i) Preliminary Screening It helps the manager eliminate unqualified or unfit job seekers based on the information supplied in the application forms.
(ii) Selection Tests An employment test is a mechanism that attempts to measure certain characteristics of individuals. These range from aptitudes, such as manual dexterity, to intelligence to personality.
(iii) Employment Interview Interview is a formal, in depth conversation conducted to evaluate the applicant’s suitability for the job.
(iv) Reference and Background Checks Many employers request names, addresses and telephone numbers of references for the purpose of verifying information and gaining additional on an applicant.
(v) Selection Decision The final decision has to be made among the candidates who pass the tests, interviews and reference checks.
(vi) Medical Examination Before the candidate is given a job offer he/she is required to go through a medical test.
(vii) Job Offer Job offer is made through a letter of appointment/confirm his acceptance. Such a letter generally contains a date by which the appointee must report on duty.
(viii) Contract of Employment After the job offer has been made and candidate accepts the offer, certain documents need to be executed by the employer and the candidate. There is also a need for preparing a contract of employment. It includes job title, duties, responsibilities, date when continuous employment starts etc.

SELF Help Group are small groups of 15-20 members of rural people in particular women belonging to one neighbouhood who meet and saves regularly. The members of the group can take small loan to meet their needs on low interest rate.

The problem in Patalpuram was that there was a lack of clean drinking water and proper sanitation. In addition, people were dying of water-borne diseases and there was a shortage of proper medical facilities.

Franz entered the school. He noticed many unusual things in the school. It was all so still, calm and quiet like Sunday morning. The whole school looked strange and solemn. There was no hustle and bustle. The rapping of the teacher’s ruler on the table was not heard. The voice of the students repeating the lessons and the opening and closing of the desks was not heard. It was quite unusual and surprising.

केशव और श्यामा ने चिड़िया के अंडों की रक्षा की या नादानी?
उत्तर-
केशव और श्यामा ने अपनी ओर से तो उन अंडों की रक्षा करनी चाही, पर यह उनकी नादानी सिद्ध हुई। चिड़िया अपने अंडों की रक्षा स्वयं कर सकती थी। बच्चे ने अंडों की रक्षा करने के प्रयास में उन्हें छूकर गंदा कर दिया। उन्हें नहीं मालूम था कि यदि वे अंडों को छू लेंगे तो चिड़िया उन्हें छोड़ ही देगी। वास्तव में वे तो उन अंडों की रक्षा करना चाहते थे लेकिन नादानी में रक्षा में हत्या हो गई।

Election is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. Elections are considered essential for the following reasons: 
(i) In any large community it is not possible for all the people to sit together everyday and take all the decisions. Nor is it possible for everyone to have the time and knowledge to take decisions on all matters. Therefore, in most democracies, people rule through their representatives, who are elected by the people themselves. For electing these representatives, elections are essential. 
(ii) Elections are fought on party basis. The party which gets a majority forms the government. If the government fails to work as per its promises, people can change it. They bring this change through elections. Thus, elections enable people to exercise control over the government.

Franz entered the school. He noticed many unusual things in the school. It was all so still, calm and quiet like Sunday morning. The whole school looked strange and solemn. There was no hustle and bustle. The rapping of the teacher’s ruler on the table was not heard. The voice of the students repeating the lessons and the opening and closing of the desks was not heard. It was quite unusual and surprising.

The Limits to Growth” is written by Meadows.

Textbook Extract:

The notion of sustainable development emerged in the wake of general rise in the awareness of environmental issues in the late 1960s in the Western World. It reflected the concern of people about undesirable effects of industrial development on environment. The publication of ‘The Population Bomb’ by Ehrlich in 1968 and ‘The Limits to Growth’ by Meadows and others in 1972 further raised the level of fear among environmentalists in particular and people in general. This sets the scenario for the emergence of new models of development under a broad phrase ‘sustainable development.’.

Peacock

1. Peacock is one of the most beautiful creatures of the earth, which is feathered.
2. Peacock is a blue colored bird, and its feathers are blue, green, and golden.
3. It is a national bird of India.
4. Peacocks look beautiful in their colorful feathers.
5. Peacocks look lovely when it dances in the rain.
6. Peacocks cannot fly much high.
7. Peacock has a huge tail.
8. In night peacocks go on the tree for protecting themselves.
9. Peacock is the male one and peahen is the female.
10. The life of a peacock is generally up to 10 to 25 years.

Hyperlink

1. Highlight the text you want the recipient to be able to click on.
2. Click on the Insert Hyperlink button. This icon looks like a chain link.
3. A new window will appear. In the address field, type in or copy and paste the link to the video.
4. Click on the OK button to add the hyperlink.