Bus topology is more reliable than Ring topology.

Ring topology is less reliable as failure of one device affects whole network.

The 1991 Indian economic crisis was an economic crisis in India that resulted from poor economic policies and the resulting trade deficits. India's economic problems started worsening in 1985 as the imports swelled, leaving the country in a twin deficit: the Indian trade balance was in deficit at a time when the government was running on a large fiscal deficit. By the end of 1990, in the run-up to the Gulf War, the dire situation meant that the Indian foreign exchange reserves could have barely financed three weeks' worth of imports. Meanwhile, the government came close to defaulting on its own financial obligations. By July that year, the low reserves had led to a sharp depreciation of the rupee, which in turn exacerbated the twin deficit problem. The Chandrasekhar government could not pass the budget in February 1991 after Moody downgraded India's bond ratings. The ratings further deteriorated due to the unsuccessful passage of the fiscal budget. This made it impossible for the country to seek short term loans and exacerbated the existing economic crisis. The World Bank and IMF also stopped their assistance, leaving the government with no option except to mortgage the country's gold to avoid defaulting on payments.

In an attempt to seek an economic bailout from the IMF, the Indian government airlifted its national gold reserves.

The crisis, in turn, paved the way for the liberalisation of the Indian economy, since one of the conditions stipulated in the World Bank loan (structural reform), required India to open itself up to participation from foreign entities in its industries, including its state owned enterprises.

The goals of Five Year plans are growth, modernisation, self-reliance and equity.

Growth: It refers to an increase in the countries’ capacity to produce the output of goods and services within the economy. The right indication for growth of an economy is steady increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It is derived from the various sectors of the economy such as the agricultural, industrial and the service sector.

Self-reliance : An economy has to reduce the dependency on foreign countries for import of food items, technology, capital goods. As we depend more om imported goods, it may lead our economy to a vulnerable condition.

Pre independence India had a flourishing economy based on agriculture and handicrafts. The quality of workmanship in field on textiles and precious stones was high leading to a worldwide base for Indian products. The British policy was to turn India into an exporter of raw materials and consumer of finished goods. British economic exploitation, the decay of indigenous industries, the failure of modern industries to replace them, high taxation, the drain of wealth to Britain and a backward agrarian structure leading to the stagnation of agriculture and the exploitation of the poor peasants by the zamindars, landlords, princes.

If a new organism is found to make food by themselves from simple non-living substances, it would be classified under Autotrophs. Autotrophs are the organisms that make food by themselves in the form of organic compounds that includes carbohydrates and proteins with the use of simple non -living substances present in surroundings such as sunlight's energy, water, air etc. The non-living substance can be of inorganic compounds from which the autotroph produces food.

Diversity refers to a group of people which consist of people belonging to different culture, religion, speaking different languages and follow different traditions.

Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to page. Text hyperlinks are often blue and underlined, but don't have to be. 

Hyperlinks, often referred to as just "links," are common in Web pages, but can be found in other hypertext documents. 

Step 1. Make use of the chemical formula to determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound.

Step 2. Multiply the atomic weight of each element with its number of atoms present in the compound.

Step 3. Add up all and assign unit as grams/mole.  

Example. 1  What is the molar mass of sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃ ?

Solution Since sodium carbonate contains two atoms sodium, one atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygen. The molecular weight would be

Na : 2 x 23.0 =  46

C : 1 x 12.0 = 12

O : 3 x 16 = 48

When we add up the total values i.e, 46 + 12 + 48 = 106

Therefore, the molar mass of Na2CO3 is 106 g/mole.

1) A rational number is terminating if and only if the denominator of the rational number is of the form 2ᵃ or 5ᵇ or 2ᵃ.5ᵇ

2) In the given fraction 17/625

• 17/625 can be written as 17/(5×5×5×5)
• 17/5⁴

As the denominator has 5⁴ so the term is terminating.

using princile of energy conservation initial kinetic energy = final potential energy

thus

mgH = 1

m = 1/gH = 1/(10*1) = 0.1 kg

Membrane biogenesis is the process that involves cell membrane development with the aid of proteins and lipids. The production of these membranes is driven by the endoplasmic reticulum. Membranes synthesized by the membrane biogenesis process help to divide the cell into functional and structural compartments. Entire cell membranes are called endomembranes. The endomembrane network contains different membranes suspended in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane.

August 1856, workmen who were quarrying for limestone in the Neander valley a gorge near the German city of Dusseldorf, found a skull and some skeletal fragments.

Let us assume √2 is rational number.
a rational number can be written into he form of p/q
√2=p/q
p=√2q
Squaring on both sides
p²=2q²__________(1)
.·.2 divides p² then 2 also divides p
.·.p is an even number
Let p=2a (definition of even number,'a' is positive integer)
Put p=2a in eq (1)
p²=2q²
(2a)²=2q²
4a²=2q²
q²=2a²
.·.2 divides q² then 2 also divides q
Both p and q have 2 as common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q are co primes or integers.
Our supposition is false
.·.√2 is an irrational number.

Newton's second law of motion states that the force applied to the system is equal to the time rate of change of momentum.

So,    F= dP/dt​

But   P=mv

So,    F= d(mv)​/ dt

Or   F=m dv​/dt

⟹ F=ma

Unemployment is defined as to exist that peoples who are willing to do work at the going wages can't find jobs.

The 3 main categories of unemployment are

1. Structural unemployment: This kind of unemployment happens when the demand for a special type of worker is not available. This happens due to the difference between the skills an employer is taking for, and the skills workers actually have.

2. Frictional unemployment: This kind of unemployment arises when workers left their job and search for another one. The time gap between this mentioned as frictional unemployment. Example – quitting or termination.

3. Cyclical unemployment: This kind of unemployment appears when there is a regress and many people lose their posts. When the economy goes up and down, based on these cycles, people became unemployed. That is why this is called cyclical unemployment.

To find the sum of squares, we use the formula of (n+1)³ as shown in the picture.

In the proof, I have used one result directly:

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n(n+1)/2

Proof:
Given series is an A.P. with
First term = 1
Last term = n
Number of terms = n

Sum = n/2 [First term + Last Term]
So, Sum = n/2 [1 + n]
So, Sum = n(n+1)/2

That is, 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n(n+1)/2