Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Extra Questions

Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Extra Questions. myCBSEguide has just released Chapter Wise Question Answers for class 12 Geography. There chapter wise Practice Questions with complete solutions are available for download in myCBSEguide website and mobile app. These Questions with solution are prepared by our team of expert teachers who are teaching grade in CBSE schools for years. There are around 4-5 set of solved Geography Extra Questions from each and every chapter. The students will not miss any concept in these Chapter wise question that are specially designed to tackle Board Exam. We have taken care of every single concept given in CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus and questions are framed as per the latest marking scheme and blue print issued by CBSE for class 12.

CBSE Class 12 Geography Practice Questions

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Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Class 12

1. Name the two publications associated with sustainable development.

2. What are the two phases incorporated in the definition of development?

3. Which programes are given in priority for development of Bharmaur Region?

4. What were the reasons for plan holiday in 1966-67 and 1968-69?

5. Give examples of programmes directed towards the development of target area in the country.

6. What is target area planning? Why It is necessary in India? Give any four examples of target area planning in India.

7. What do you mean by sectoral planning?

8. Why did the Planning Commission introduce target area and target group approaches to planning in India?

9. What is the positive and negative influence of Indira Gandhi Canal Irrigation on the ecology, economy and society of Rajasthan?

10. Hill Area Development Programmes in India were drawn keeping in view their topographical ecological, social and economic conditions. Support this statement with suitable explanation.

 Planning and Sustainable Development

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Answer

1. The publication of ‘The Population Bomb’ by Ehrlich in 1968 and ‘The Limits to Growth’ by Meadows and others in 1972 further raised the level of fear among environmentalists in particular and people in general. This sets the scenario for the emergence of new models of development under a broad phrase ‘sustainable development.’
2. In the post World War II era, the concept of development was synonymous to economic growth which is measured in terms of temporal increase in gross national product (GNP) and per capita income/per capita consumption. But, even the countries having high economic growth, experienced speedy rise in poverty because of its unequal distribution. So, in 1970s, the phrases such as redistribution with growth and growth and equity were incorporated in the definition of development.
3. The programs that are given priority for the development of Bharmaur Region were:
   1. Transport
   2. Communication
   3. Agriculture allied activities
   4. Social Community Services
4. The reasons for plan holiday in 1966-67 and 1968-69 were:
   1. Successive droughts during at 1966- 67 and 1968-69.
   2. War with Pakistan in 1965.
5. The economic development also requires technology as well as investment besides the resource. With the planning experience of about one and half decades, it was realized that regional imbalances in economic development were getting accentuated. In order to arrest the accentuation of regional and social disparties, the Planning Commission introduced the ‘target area’ and target group approaches to planning. Few examples of target group programme are Command Area Development Programme, Drought-prone Area Development Programme, Desert Development Programme, Hill Area Development Programme and The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers Development Agency (MFDA).
6. Target area planning means making schemes for the development of backward regions of India. This type of planning is necessary in India because regional imbalances in economic development are getting serious.
   Examples of target area planning area:
   1. Command Area Development Programme
   2. Drought Prone Area Development Programme
   3. Desert Development Programme
   4. Hill area Development Programme
7. The sectoral planning means formulation and implementation of the sets of schemes or programmes aimed at development of various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, irrigation, manufacturing, power, construction, transport, communication, social infrastructure and services. It is concerned with linear planning and certain infrastructural facilities in various sectors in the economy in particular and in the Society in general.
8. The economic development of a region depends upon its resource base. But sometimes resource-rich region also remain backward. The economic development also requires technology as well as investment besides the resource. With the planning experience of about one and half decades, it was realised that regional imbalances in economic development were getting accentuated. In order to arrest the accentuation of regional and social disparties, the Planning Commission introduced the ‘target area’ and target group approaches to planning.
9. The introduction of Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation in this dry land of Rajasthan has transformed its ecology, economy, and society.
   Positive influences:
   1. The availability of soil moisture and various afforestation and pasture development programs have resulted in greening the land.
   2. The spread of canal irrigation has led to an increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
   3. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems.
   4. The traditional crops are sown in the area, gram, bajra, jowar have been replaced by wheat, cotton, groundnut& rice.

   Negative influences:

   1. The intensive irrigation and excessive use of water have led to the emergence of environmental problems of waterlogging and soil salinity.
   2. In the long run, it hampers the sustainability of agriculture.
10. The “Hill Area Development Programmes” in India was launched by the Planning Commission and was drawn keeping in view their topographical, ecological, social and economic conditions in the following ways:
    1. The development programme for “HADP” in areas like Assam is a comprehensive one, covering areas such as land reclamation, checking soil erosion, scientific water management, flood control afforestation, rehabilitation of shifting cultivators and development of minor irrigation.
    2. The “HADP” also aims to generate employment through allied activities (horticulture, fishing and animal husbandry etc.)
    3. The infrastructural development is also of the main objectives-like transport, education, electricity and agricultural inputs.
    4. Review of the forest, exercise policies and improvement as well as conservation, of environment.

Chapter Wise Extra Questions for Class 12 Geography

Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapters

1. Human Geography Nature and Scope
2. The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth
3. Population Composition
4. Human Development
5. Primary Activities
6. Secondary Activities
7. Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
8. Transport and Communication
9. International Trade
10. Human Settlements

India – People and Economy

1. Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
2. Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences
3. Human Development
4. Human Settlements
5. Land Resources and Agriculture
6. Water Resources
7. Mineral and Energy Resources
8. Manufacturing Industries
9. Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
10. Transport and Communication
11. International Trade
12. Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems