Bleaching powder is needed in the manufacture of chloroform. Bleaching powder (CaOCl2​) supplies the necessary chlorine and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide).

CaOCl₂​+H_2​O→Ca(OH)_2​+Cl₂​

A paste of bleaching powder in water is distilled with ethanol or acetone to obtain chloroform.

Carbon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachloromethane, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CCl4. This compound is often classified as a polyhalogenated organic compound since it consists of a carbon atom which is attached to more than one halide functional group.

Polyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerization of the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), as shown.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vinyl_chloride_Polymerization_V1.svg" title="The polymerisation of vinyl chloride"></a>

Hydrolysis is a common form of a chemical reaction where water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exists between a particular substance.

The general formula of a hydrolysis reaction is:

AB+H₂O→AH+BOH

Radical

    Radical is an atom or a group of atoms of same or different elements which behaves like a single atom with a positive or a negative charge on it. 

    Radicals have their own combining power based on which they form chemical formulae. 

 Example: 

    NH₄⁺, Na⁺, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ 

The full form of TNT is Trinitrotoluene. TNT is a yellow solid that is often seen as a reagent in the chemical synthesis process but is commonly known for being an explosive substance with smooth handling characteristics.

Chemical indicator, any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a colour change, of the presence or absence of a threshold concentration of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution. An example is the substance called methyl yellow, which imparts a yellow colour to an alkaline solution. When copper reacts with the elements (oxygen, water and carbon dioxide), it turns from its element color of reddish-brown to green. This chemical reaction is hydrated copper carbonate, and a famous example of it is the Statue of Liberty.

Pbs(s) + 4H₂O₂(aq) → PbSO₄(S) + 4H₂O(I)

Saturated fat is also known as solid fat. Saturated fat in fish and poultry is less when compared to animal fat or red meat. This fat can increase your cholesterol levels. Tropical oils such as cocoa butter, coconut oil, palm oil also have saturated fats. It is mostly found in non-dairy products and snacks in large quantity. Cakes, butter, cookies are some examples of food containing maximum saturated fats.

When a candle burns, both physical & chemical changes occur. On heating, candle wax melts and form liquid wax. It is a physical change. Since it again turns into solid wax on cooling. This is a reversible change. When a candle is burnt in air, the mass of the product is increased due to atmospheric oxygen which show a that it is a chemical change.

Sulphur dioxide  gas changes acidifed Potassium Dichromate solution from orange to green.
Chemical reaction:

Sulphur dioxide reacts with acidified potassium Dichromate solution to give Chromium Sulphate , Poatssium sulphate and water.

3SO₂₍g) + K₂Cr₂O₇(aq) +H₂SO₄(aq) ---------> Cr₂(SO₄)₃ (aq) + K₂SO₄ (aq) +H₂O(l)

Citric acid turns potassium permanganate from purple to colourless because it is a reducing agent.

KMnO4 will oxidize citric acid  to CO₂ and  H₂O and itself will turn into almost colorless Mn(2+) (in acidic environment), or, into brown MnO₂ precipitate.

      OR 

C₆H₈0_{7 +}  KMnO_{4  +}    H⁺ → 6CO₂  + H₂O  + MnO₂

To increase employment in urban areas, we will need to carry out the following tasks (i) Invest in basic industries which provide mass employment.
(ii) Improve local and inter city
transportation, so that more people can be employed to work in the transportation industry.
(iii) Increase vocational education courses, so that people educated for a vacation get jobs easily.
(iv) Give incentives for industry in urban areas to increase their capacity.

Logos of Standardization are the logos/marks/symbol which certifies the standard of product . Government of India has created some standards for almost every product to protect the economic interests of all citizens. The Standardization Mark also referred to as S-Mark or SM is a mandatory mark of quality on all locally manufactured goods complying with the relevant standards. An example of standardization would be the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to which all companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must adhere. ... Standardization ensures that certain goods or performances are produced in the same way via set guidelines.

The Rights of the Consumer

• Right to Safety- Before buying, a consumer can insist on the quality and guarantee of the goods. They should ideally purchase a certified product like ISI or AGMARK.
• Right to Choose- Consumer should have the right to choose from a variety of goods and in a competitive price.
• Right to be informed- The buyers should be informed with all the necessary details of the product, make her/him act wise, and change the buying decision.
• Right to Consumer Education- Consumer should be aware of his/her rights and avoid exploitation. Ignorance can cost them more.
• Right to be heard- This means the consumer will get due attention to express their grievances at a suitable forum.
• Right to seek compensation- The defines that the consumer has the right to seek redress against unfair and inhumane practices or exploitation of the consumer.

समाज में सौहार्द्र और शांति बनाये रखने के लिये सत्ता की साझेदारी जरूरी है। इससे विभिन्न सामाजिक समूहों में टकराव को कम करने में मदद मिलती है।

किसी भी समाज में बहुसंख्यक के आतंक का खतरा बना रहता है। बहुसंख्यक का आतंक न केवल अल्पसंख्यक समूह को तबाह करता है बल्कि स्वयं को भी तबाह करता है। सत्ता की साझेदारी के माध्यम से बहुसंख्यक के आतंक से बचा जा सकता है।

लोगों की आवाज ही लोकतांत्रिक सरकार की नींव बनाती है। इसलिये यह कहा जा सकता है कि लोकतंत्र की आत्मा का सम्मान रखने के लिए सत्ता की साझेदारी जरूरी है।

सत्ता की साझेदारी के दो कारण होते हैं। एक है समझदारी भरा कारण और दूसरा है नैतिक कारण। सत्ता की साझेदारी का समझदारी भरा कारण है समाज में टकराव और बहुसंख्यक के आतंक को रोकना। सत्ता की साझेदारी का नैतिक कारण है लोकतंत्र की आत्मा को अक्षुण्ण रखना।

Radius of circle = 12 cm
θ = 120°
Area of the segment= {(π/360) × θ - sin θ/2 cos θ/2} r²
Area of the segment={(π) × 120/360 - sin 120/2 cos 120/2 } 12²
= {(π) × ⅓ - sin 60° cos 60° } ×144
= (π/3 - ½ × √3/2) × 144
= (π/3 × 144 - 144 × √3/4
= 48π - 36√3
= 12(4π - 3√3)
= 12( 4 × 3.14 - 3 × 1.73)
[π = 3.14 , √3= 1.73]
= 12 (12.56 - 5.19)
= 12 × 7.37
= 88.44 cm²
Hence, the area of the corresponding segment of the circle is 88.44 cm².

Copulation is the act of mating or sexual intercourse. It involves insertion of a male's ***** into a female's ****** for the purposes of sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.

Radius of the circle = 15 cm

ΔAOB is isosceles as two sides are equal.

∴ ∠A = ∠B

Sum of all angles of triangle = 180°

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

⇒ 2 ∠A = 180° - 60°

⇒ ∠A = 120°/2

⇒ ∠A = 60°

Triangle is equilateral as ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°

∴ OA = OB = AB = 15 cm

Area of equilateral ΔAOB = √3/4 × (OA)² = √3/4 × 15² 

                                          = (225√3)/4 cm² = 97.3 cm²

Angle subtend at the centre by minor segment = 60°

Area of Minor sector making angle 60° = (60°/360°) × π r² cm²

                                                                                     = (1/6) × 15² π  cm² =  225/6 π  cm²

                                                  =  (225/6) × 3.14 cm² = 117.75  cm²

Area of the minor segment = Area of Minor sector - Area of equilateral ΔAOB

                                            = 117.75  cm² - 97.3 cm² = 20.4 cm²

Angle made by Major sector = 360° - 60° = 300°

Area of the sector making angle 300° = (300°/360°) × π r² cm²

                                                   = (5/6) × 15² π  cm² =  1125/6 π  cm²

                                                  =  (1125/6) × 3.14 cm² = 588.75  cm²

Area of major segment = Area of Minor sector + Area of equilateral ΔAOB

                                            = 588.75  cm² + 97.3 cm² = 686.05 cm²

Not correct . as the ratio of the squars of the corresponding sides of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of their areas. so it should be 9:25 . 

The size of each section is to be selected in such a way, It divides both 576 and 488 exactly.

So you have to find HCF of 576 and 448 girls.

576 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2x 3 x 3
448 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
Highest Common Factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64

(The Highest Common Factor (HCF) is the largest positive integer that divides all the given numbers. Hence the HCF is the biggest size for forming groups.)

Hence, number of sections required;
(576 ÷ 64) + (448 ÷ 64)
= 9 + 7 = 16.

Therefore, Total number of sections thus formed are 16.